Thermal inactivation of Salmonella during hard and soft cookies baking process.

This study validated a simulated commercial baking processes for hard and soft cookies to control Salmonella, and determined D- and z-values of 7-serotype Salmonella (Newport, Senftenberg, Tennessee, Typhimurium, and three isolates from dry pet food) cocktail in cookie doughs. Cookie doughs were prepared using flour mist-inoculated with the Salmonella cocktail. Hard and soft cookies were baked at 185 °C for 16 min and 165.

Flexed radiographic angles for determination of atlantoaxial instability in dogs.

Objective: To determine a flexed position for radiographic diagnosis of atlantoaxial instability (AAI) and to identify radiographic measurement cutoffs to differentiate affected dogs from neurologically healthy toy breeds.

Study Design: Retrospective case series and prospective case controls.

Animals: Thirty-nine client-owned toy breed dogs in which AAI had been diagnosed and 20 neurologically healthy client-owned toy breed dogs.

Evaluation of thermal inactivation parameters of Salmonella in whole wheat multigrain bread.

This study was conducted to validate a simulated commercial whole wheat multigrain bread baking process at 375 °F (190.6 °C) oven temperature for 35 min to inactivate Salmonella, and to determine the thermal inactivation parameters of a 7-serovar Salmonella cocktail in whole wheat multigrain bread dough. A ≥5-log CFU/g reduction in Salmonella population was achieved by 15 min, and no viable Salmonella was detected after enrichment plating by 16 min.

Validation of a nut muffin baking process and thermal resistance characterization of a 7-serovar Salmonella inoculum in batter when introduced via flour or walnuts.

This study was conducted to validate a commercial nut muffin baking process and to compare the survival of a 7-serovar Salmonella cocktail when contaminated via inoculated flour or walnuts. Enriched wheat flour or walnut pieces were mist inoculated with the Salmonella cocktail and dried back to the pre-inoculation weight, resulting in a Salmonella population level of 6.9 and 8.

Validation of a Simulated Commercial Frying Process to Control in Donuts.

This study validated a typical commercial donut frying process as an effective kill-step against a 7-serovar cocktail (Newport, Typhimurium, Senftenberg, Tennessee, and three dry food isolates) when contamination was introduced through inoculated flour. The bread and pastry flour mix (3:1) was inoculated with the cocktail, and subsequently dried back to original preinoculation moisture content, achieving a population of 7.6 log CFU/g.

Physical activity patterns across time-segmented youth sport flag football practice.

Background: Youth sport (YS) reaches a large number of children world-wide and contributes substantially to children's daily physical activity (PA), yet less than half of YS time has been shown to be spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Physical activity during practice is likely to vary depending on practice structure that changes across YS time, therefore the purpose of this study was 1) to describe the type and frequency of segments of time, defined by contextual characteristics of practice structure, during YS practices and 2) determine the influence of these segments on PA.

Methods: Research assistants video-recorded the full duration of 28 practices from 14 boys' flag football teams (2 practices/team) while children concurrently (N = 111, aged 5-11 years, mean 7.

Validation of the baking process as a kill-step for controlling Salmonella in muffins.

This research investigates the potential risk of Salmonella in muffins when contamination is introduced via flour, the main ingredient. Flour was inoculated with a 3-strain cocktail of Salmonella serovars (Newport, Typhimurium, and Senftenberg) and re-dried to achieve a target concentration of ~8logCFU/g. The inoculated flour was then used to prepare muffin batter following a standard commercial recipe.

Implications of Social Groups on Sedentary Behavior of Children with Autism: A Pilot Study.

This pilot study compared sedentary behavior (SB) of children with autism (ASD) to typically developing peers (TD), and evaluated the influence of social contexts within free play (FP) and organized activity settings on SB of children with ASD during an inclusive summer camp. Participants with ASD were matched with TD peers by age and gender, and a modified OSRAC-P was utilized to assess SB and social context by setting. SB did not differ by diagnosis (ASD, TD), setting, or social contexts.

Effects of administration of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma to dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of simultaneous intra-articular and IV injection of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints. ANIMALS 22 client-owned dogs (12 placebo-treated [control] dogs and 10 treated dogs). PROCEDURES Dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints that caused signs of lameness or discomfort were characterized on the basis of results of orthopedic examination, goniometry, lameness score, the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), a visual analogue scale, and results obtained by use of a pressure-sensing walkway at week 0 (baseline).

Validation of Baking To Control Salmonella Serovars in Hamburger Bun Manufacturing, and Evaluation of Enterococcus faecium ATCC 8459 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Nonpathogenic Surrogate Indicators.

This study was conducted to validate a simulated commercial baking process for hamburger buns to destroy Salmonella serovars and to determine the appropriateness of using nonpathogenic surrogates (Enterococcus faecium ATCC 8459 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for in-plant process validation studies. Wheat flour was inoculated (∼6 log CFU/g) with three Salmonella serovars (Typhimurium, Newport, or Senftenberg 775W) or with E. faecium.

Physical activity levels during youth sport practice: does coach training or experience have an influence?

This study examined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels in youth during flag football practice and compared youth MVPA in practices led by trained or untrained, and by experienced or inexperienced, coaches. Boys (n = 111, mean age = 7.9 ± 1.

Meta-analysis of the effects of sometribove zinc suspension on the production and health of lactating dairy cows.

Objective: To provide an updated evaluation of the efficacy and safety of sometribove zinc suspension (rbST-Zn), a form of recombinant bovine somatotropin, in lactating dairy cows.

Design: Meta-analysis.

Sample: 26 studies published in peer-reviewed journals or reviewed by a regulatory agency.

Social Environmental Influences on Physical Activity of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may be at greater risk for not meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines than neurotypical children (NT). The purpose of this study was to explore setting (free play versus organized) and social group composition influences on PA of children with ASD during summer camp.

Methods: Data were collected on 6 ASD and 6 NT boys (aged 5 to 6 years) attending an inclusive summer camp.

HOP'N after-school project: an obesity prevention randomized controlled trial.

Background: This paper reports the primary outcomes of the Healthy Opportunities for Physical Activity and Nutrition (HOP'N) after-school project, which was an effectiveness trial designed to evaluate the prevention of childhood obesity through building the capacity of after-school staff to increase physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (FV) opportunities.

Methods: We conducted a three-year, nested cross-sectional group randomized controlled effectiveness trial. After a baseline assessment year (2005-2006), schools and their after-school programs were randomized to the HOP'N after-school program (n = 4) or control (n = 3), and assessed for two subsequent years (intervention year 1, 2006-2007; intervention year 2, 2007-2008).

Healthy youth places: a randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of facilitating adult and youth leaders to promote physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption in middle schools.

The Healthy Youth Places (HYP) intervention targeted increased fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and physical activity (PA) through building the environmental change skills and efficacy of adults and youth. HYP included group training for adult school site leaders, environmental change skill curriculum, and youth-led FV and PA environment change teams. Sixteen schools were randomized to either implement the HYP program or not.

Thyroid to salivary ratios determined by technetium-99m pertechnetate imaging in thirty-two euthyroid cats.

Thyroid to salivary (TS) ratio is the most commonly used scintigraphic parameter for differentiating euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats. Studies to determine the normal TS ratio have been performed in small cat populations. In this study, the TS ratio was determined in 32 cats between 8 and 13 years of age.

Comparison of digitized and direct viewed (analog) radiographic images for detection of pulmonary nodules.

The purpose of this study was to compare direct (analog) viewing of thoracic radiographs with digitized images obtained with a radiographic scanner and seven digital cameras for detection of pulmonary nodules. Direct viewing of the analog radiographs was significantly better than all digitized methods (P<0.01).

Prevention of the epidemic increase in child risk of overweight in low-income schools: the El Paso coordinated approach to child health.

Objective: To assess the impact on children's health of translating an evidence-based national intervention trial (Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health [CATCH]) to low-income elementary schools with primarily Hispanic students.

Design: An untreated, matched control group design with repeated dependent pretest and posttest samples was used.

Setting: Four El Paso CATCH and 4 control elementary schools in El Paso, Tex, along the US-Mexico border region.

Comparison of seven digital cameras for digitizing radiographs.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate seven digital cameras for their ability to adequately capture quality radiographic images and their relative cost effectiveness. Radiographs of line pair (LP) phantoms (ranging from 0.6 to 16.

Efficacy of a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis.

Objective: To determine efficacy of treatment with a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, in dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis.

Design: Prospective trial.

Animals: 16 Beagles naturally infected with Giardia duodenalis.