A new and simplified extraoral approach for inferior alveolar nerve block: a cadaveric study and clinical case reports.

Purpose: Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) blocks are commonly performed using the intraoral landmark techniques. However, these methods have a risk of unanticipated nerve and arterial injury or a higher failure rate. We developed a novel extraoral approach for the IAN and LN blocks, the "inferior alveolar nerve block mandibular angle approach (IANB-MA)," using ultrasound guidance.

Formalin-free soft embalming of human cadavers using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone: perspectives for cadaver surgical training and medical device development.

The traditional apprenticeship approach to surgical skill education for young surgeons has drastically changed to more systematic surgical training using cadavers. Cadavers fixed with formalin are not suitable for surgical training because of their associated health hazards and overhardening. Recently, we established a formalin-free soft preservation method for human cadavers using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Piezo2 expression and its alteration by mechanical forces in mouse mesangial cells and renin-producing cells.

The kidney plays a central role in body fluid homeostasis. Cells in the glomeruli and juxtaglomerular apparatus sense mechanical forces and modulate glomerular filtration and renin release. However, details of mechanosensory systems in these cells are unclear.

Excised human larynx in N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-embalmed cadavers can produce voiced sound by pliable vocal fold vibration.

Tissue-hardening effect and health-hazard issue of formaldehyde (FA) have long been a great disadvantage of this conventional fixative in anatomical research. We recently developed a FA-free embalming method for cadavers which utilizes N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and enables assessment of motion kinetics by maintaining the softness of embalmed tissue. By assessing the feasibility of NVP-embalmed tissue to mimic vocalization, this study aimed to prove the potential of embalmed cadavers, which have previously been used only for the understanding of anatomical morphology, for the assessment of precise motion physiology in the human body.

A new human cadaver model for laparoscopic training using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone: a feasibility study.

The demand for cadavers for clinical skills training is increasing. However, conventional formalin-fixed bodies are often unsuitable for surgical training because the tissues become too hard. We recently developed a new formalin-free embalming method with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (pyrrolidone) that has excellent fixative, disinfectant, and preservative properties, while still keeping tissues soft and pliable.

Usefulness of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Embalming for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Approach in Cadaver Dissection.

Formalin or formaldehyde is commonly used for cadaver fixation, which is, however, not suitable for endoscopic transnasal skull base approach because of consequent hardening of the soft tissue. Several alternatives have been reported, but each of them also has some limitations. We applied a novel fixation method using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), a precursor of the water-soluble macromolecular polymer, for endoscopic transnasal skull base approach in six donated cadaver specimens.

Topographic anatomy of the subthalamic nucleus localized by high-resolution human brain atlas superimposing digital images of cross-sectioned surfaces and histological images of microscopic sections from frozen cadaveric brains.

Despite the recent advent of neuro-radiographic techniques, creating a 'perfect' human brain atlas providing precise and consistent images with minimal distortion is practically difficult. In this study, we created a new human brain atlas from cadaveric brains with serial sections of 50 μm thickness covering the entire basal ganglia. Human cerebral hemispheres were obtained from 10 donated cadavers and fixed in 10% formalin solution, cut in a block measuring 50 mm × 30 mm × 50 mm around the midpoint of the anterior and posterior commissures and frozen at -40 °C.

Results of Questionnaire Survey on Gross Anatomy Education (March 2014).

To understand the current situation of gross anatomy education anatomy classes. Regarding the influence of increased enrollment and to promote sharing of information on its improvement, we capacity in medical schools, many respondents were worried about conducted a questionnaire survey on gross anatomy education the impact on research activities due to the increase in teaching in September 2013. In most medical and dental schools, gross workload without expanding in teaching staff.

Morphological Analysis for Neuron-Like Cells in the Vomeronasal Organ of Human Fetuses at the Middle of Gestation.

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) of 5-month-old fetuses was examined immunohistochemically by the use of an antiserum to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP). The purpose was to identify if the human fetal VNO is lined by neuroepithelium.

Morphometric aspects of the facial and skeletal muscles in fetuses.

Objectives: There are few research reports providing a comparison of the muscle fiber morphometry between human fetuses and adults. Data on fetal and adult muscle fibers would be valuable in understanding muscle development and a variety of muscle diseases. This study investigated human muscle fiber growth to clarify the difference between the facial muscles and other skeletal muscles.

Study of human adult parotid duct in the area of penetration through buccinator muscle and their functional relationship as a sphincter.

The adult human parotid duct is roughly 6-8 cm long. From the parotid gland, parotid duct traverses through masseter muscle, penetrates through buccinator muscle, and opens into the oral cavity. This unique form of the parotid duct is likely correlated with the function of the duct, directly affected by the movement of the buccinator muscle during mastication and swallowing.

C-terminals in the mouse branchiomotor nuclei originate from the magnocellular reticular formation.

Large cholinergic synaptic boutons called "C-terminals" contact motoneurons and regulate their excitability. C-terminals in the spinal somatic motor nuclei originate from cholinergic interneurons in laminae VII and X that express a transcription factor Pitx2. Cranial motor nuclei contain another type of motoneuron: branchiomotor neurons.

[Results of a questionnaire on efforts to increase research-oriented doctors].

We surveyed medical and dental schools to promote the exchange of information about university efforts to increase the number of research-oriented doctors. Periods in which students rotate through laboratories to conduct research were reported by more than two thirds of universities. Many comments asserted that these efforts are effective.

[Final report of the working group for the future planning of the Japanese Association of Anatomists].

The working group for the future planning of the Japanese Association of Anatomists (JAA) has been working to address the issues that were consulted from the president of JAA since October 2009. After making the interim report in March 2010, a public hearing for general members of the JAA was held and a final report was submitted to the President in January 2011. The report contains the analysis of the current situation, the directions in which we should proceed, and recommendations of concrete actions that JAA should take for each issue.

[Draft of guidelines for human body dissection for clinical anatomy education and research and commentary].

This article analyses the Draft of Guidelines for Human Body Dissection for Clinical Anatomy Education and Research drawn by the Study Group for Future Training Systems of Surgical Skills and Procedures established by the Fiscal Year 2010 research program of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The purpose of the Draft of Guidelines is: First, to lay out the required basic guidelines for human cadaver usage to allow medical and dental faculty to conduct clinical education and research in accordance with existing regulations. Second, the guidelines are expected to give physicians a regulatory framework to carry out cadaver training in accordance with the current legal framework.

[Draft of Guidelines for Human Body Dissection for Clinical Anatomy Education and Research and commentary].

This article analyses the Draft of Guidelines for Human Body Dissection for Clinical Anatomy Education and Research drawn by the Study Group for Future Training Systems of Surgical Skills and Procedures established by the Fiscal Year 2010 research program of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The purpose of the Draft of Guidelines is: First, to lay out the required basic guidelines for human cadaver usage to allow medical and dental faculty to conduct clinical education and research in accordance with existing regulations. Second, the guidelines are expected to give physicians a regulatory framework to carry out cadaver training in accordance with the current legal framework.

Morphological study of the fetal parotid duct and buccinator muscle and the relationship to salivary secretion.

The parotid glands secrete about 25% of all saliva produced. In the presence of a stimulus, the amount of saliva secreted from the parotid gland increases to 50%. A decrease in the amount of produced saliva due to aging and parotiditis results in a dry mouth.

Morphological study of the parotid duct in human fetuses with special emphasis on the relationship between the buccinator muscle and the parotid duct.

Parotid glands secrete about 25% of all saliva produced in the salivary glands. In the presence of a stimulus, the amount of saliva secreted from the parotid gland increases to 50% (1). In human adults, the parotid duct, approximately 6-8 cm long, traverses the masseter muscle and penetrates through the buccinator muscle into the oral cavity.

Morphological classification of the anterior and middle talocalcaneal joints in terms of biomechanical stress dispersion.

Of the various foot joints, the level of interest shown in the talocalcaneal joint has been notably low. However, when considering stress dispersion during bipedal locomotion, the talocalcaneal joint plays an important role. Present study examined and morphologically classified the talocalcaneal joint.

Identification of two accessory muscle bundles with anomalous insertions in the flexor side of the right forearm.

During dissection practice held at Kyorin University School of Medicine in 2004, two anomalous muscles were observed on the Rt-forearm-flexor-side of an 83-year-old man. The results of this investigation are reported. One accessory muscle originated from the tendinous insertion of the biceps brachii and medial epicondyle.

Establishing intercrestal line by posture:--a radiographic evaluation.

In this study, we examined the position of intercrestal line that is called Jacoby's line at heights of the vertebral body and spinous process in different positions of the lumbar spine using radiographs of 100 subjects. At the height of the spinous process, Jacoby's line was most often observed in the extension position in L4 spinous process middle 1/3 region in males and in L4-5 interspinous region in females. In the neutral position, it was in L4 spinous process middle 1/3 region in males and in L4-5 interspinous region in females.

What is the true location of Jacoby's line?

We investigated 60 cadavers to examine the accurate location of conus medullaris, lower end of dura mater, and intercrestal line (Jacoby's line). Jacoby's line was established using the method described by Jacoby GW (1899). Then the intersection of this line and vertical line through the spinous processes was marked by a fine nail.

Anatomical variations of the extensor pollicis brevis tendon and abductor pollicis longus tendon--relation to tenosynovectomy.

Sufficient improvement in De Quervain disease, is not always archieved even by tenosynovectomy, and the reason for this appears to be anatomical variation in the first extensor compartment of the hand. In this study we examined the first extensor compartment of 159 hands of 80 human cadavers. Hiranuma and colleagues documented four anatomical types of first compartment, and in this study type A was observed in 76 (47.