, also known as the brown stomach worm, causes significant pathology in the abomasum, resulting in production and nutritional losses in cattle. Alternative control measures, such as vaccination, are urgently needed because of rapidly growing anthelmintic drug resistance. There is a need to understand host responses to the infection, especially immune responses, to advance vaccine discovery and design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenomics Proteomics Bioinformatics
March 2025
Sheep (Ovis aries) represents one of the most important livestock species for animal protein and wool production worldwide. However, little is known about the genetic and biological basis of ovine phenotypes, particularly for those of high economic value and environmental impact. Here, by integrating 1413 RNA-seq samples from 51 distinct tissues across 14 developmental time points, representing early prenatal, late prenatal, neonate, lamb, juvenile, adult, and elderly stages, we built a high-resolution developmental Gene Expression Atlas (dGEA) in sheep.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, we infected Holstein calves with Ostertagia ostertagi stage 3 larvae (L3) and determined gene expression profiles of abomasal fundic and pyloric mucosa by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at 3-5, 7-9, 10, and 21 days post-infection (dpi), which represent late L3 and early L4 (between 3-5 dpi), mid to late L4 (between 7-9 and 10 dpi) and adult stages (21 dpi) of the parasitic stage. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to profile the transcriptomic changes over time as well as between cattle abomasal tissues. The results will help understand the gastric responses of the host, especially the immune responses, at different phases of early nematode infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenomics Proteomics Bioinformatics
February 2025
Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is a powerful approach for investigating the molecular mechanisms linking genetic loci to complex phenotypes. However, the complexity of the TWAS analytical pipeline including the construction of gene expression reference panels, gene expression prediction, and association analysis using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) poses challenges for genetic studies in many species. In this study, we provide the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) TWAS-server, an interactive and user-friendly multispecies platform designed to streamline the translation of genetic findings across tissues and species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndividuals experiencing major depression with psychotic features (MD-P) may respond better and have fewer cognitive effects with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) than those without psychotic features (MD-NP). However, this may be due to differences in patient characteristics aside from psychotic symptoms. The objectives of this study were to (1a) compare ECT treatment response and (1b) adverse cognitive effects between patients with MD-P and MD-NP and (2a) explore factors associated with treatment response or (2b) adverse cognitive effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs one of the most important ruminant breeds, Holstein cattle supply a significant portion of milk and dairy for human consumption, playing a crucial role in agribusiness. The goal of our study was to examine the molecular adaptation of gastrointestinal tissues that facilitate milk synthesis in dairy cattle. DATA DESCRIPTION: We performed RNA-seq analysis on epithelial cells from the rumen, duodenum, and colon at eight different time points: Days 3, 14, 28, 45, 120, 220, and 305 in milk, as well as the dry period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDNA methylation (DNAm) regulates gene expression and genomic imprinting. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection on host DNAm. Helminth-free Holstein steers were either infected with (the brown stomach worm) or given tap water only as a control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathobionts have evolved many strategies to coexist with the host, but how immune evasion mechanisms contribute to the difficulty of developing vaccines against pathobionts is unclear. Meanwhile, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has resisted human vaccine development to date. Here we show that prior SA exposure induces non-protective CD4 T cell imprints, leading to the blunting of protective IsdB vaccine responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pathobiont Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) induces nonprotective antibody imprints that underlie ineffective staphylococcal vaccination. However, the mechanism by which Sa modifies antibody activity is not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that IL-10 is the decisive factor that abrogates antibody protection in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate diagnoses of peroneal pathologies remains a challenge due to limitations of conventional 2D (dimensional) imaging, which can impact long-term patient outcomes. This study evaluates MRI accuracy and inter-reader reliability of peroneal compartment pathology for 2D and 3D MRI. A consecutive series of patients who underwent peroneal compartment surgery with preoperative 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntramuscular fat content is one of the most important factors affecting beef quality. However, the role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in intramuscular fat deposition remains unclear. We compared APA events in muscle samples from high and low intramuscular fat (IMF) cattle, based on RNA-seq data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimal Model Exp Med
December 2024
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) often accompanies diabetes and is considered a risk factor for diabetic vascular complications. However, inducing diabetic HTG typically requires high-fat diets in certain animal models. Leveraging our newly developed LDL receptor knockout hamster model, which exhibits features akin to human lipid metabolism, we sought to determine whether these animals would develop HTG without dietary manipulations in diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThree glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) that belong to Staphylococcus aureus were used as targets for screening a dataset composed of 7229 compounds of which 1416 were FDA-approved. Instead of catalytic sites, evolutionarily less conserved allosteric sites were targeted to identify compounds that would selectively bind the bacteria's glycolytic enzymes instead of the human host. Seven different allosteric sites provided by three enzymes were used in independent screening experiments via docking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to track otologic instruments in mastoidectomy videos.
Study Design: Retrospective case series.
Setting: Tertiary care center.
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, yet the immune factors that protect against infection remain elusive. High titers of opsonic IgG antibodies, achieved in preclinical animal immunization studies, have consistently failed to provide protection in humans. Here, we investigate antibody responses to the conserved S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTelomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies reveal new insights into the structure and function of the previously 'invisible' parts of the genome and allow comparative analyses of complete genomes across entire clades. We present here an open collaborative effort, termed the 'Ruminant T2T Consortium' (RT2T), that aims to generate complete diploid assemblies for numerous species of the Artiodactyla suborder Ruminantia to examine chromosomal evolution in the context of natural selection and domestication of species used as livestock.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcne vulgaris, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa are enduring inflammatory skin conditions that frequently manifest with akin clinical attributes, posing a considerable challenge for their distinctive diagnosis. While these conditions do exhibit certain resemblances, they also demonstrate distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment modalities. Delving into both the molecular parallels and disparities among these three disorders can yield invaluable insights for refined diagnostics, effective management, and targeted therapeutic interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We recently identified ~ 10,000 correlated regions of systemic interindividual epigenetic variation (CoRSIVs) in the human genome. These methylation variants are amenable to population studies, as DNA methylation measurements in blood provide information on epigenetic regulation throughout the body. Moreover, establishment of DNA methylation at human CoRSIVs is labile to periconceptional influences such as nutrition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPresence-absence variations (PAVs) are important structural variations, wherein a genomic segment containing one or more genes is present in some individuals but absent in others. While PAVs have been extensively studied in plants, research in cattle remains limited. This study identified PAVs in 173 Holstein bulls using whole-genome sequencing data and assessed their associations with 46 economically important traits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring lactation, dairy cattle's digestive tract requires significant adaptations to meet the increased nutrient demands for milk production. As we attempt to improve milk-related traits through selective pressure, it is crucial to understand the biological functions of the epithelia of the rumen, small intestine, and colonic tissues in response to changes in physiological state driven by changes in nutrient demands for milk synthesis. In this study, we obtained a total of 108 transcriptome profiles from three tissues (epithelia of the colon, duodenum, and rumen) of five Holstein cows, spanning eight time points from the early, mid, late lactation periods to the dry period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sheep and goats have undergone domestication and improvement to produce similar phenotypes, which have been greatly impacted by structural variants (SVs). Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of Asiatic mouflon, and implement a comprehensive analysis of SVs in 897 genomes of worldwide wild and domestic populations of sheep and goats to reveal genetic signatures underlying convergent evolution.
Results: We characterize the SV landscapes in terms of genetic diversity, chromosomal distribution and their links with genes, QTLs and transposable elements, and examine their impacts on regulatory elements.
Antibiotics (Basel)
April 2024
Vaccination arguably remains the only long-term strategy to limit the spread of infections and its related antibiotic resistance. To date, however, all staphylococcal vaccines tested in clinical trials have failed. In this review, we propose that the failure of vaccines is intricately linked to prior host exposure to and the pathogen's capacity to evade adaptive immune defenses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg
September 2024
Objective: Survey the current literature on artificial intelligence (AI) applications for detecting and classifying vocal pathology using voice recordings, and identify challenges and opportunities for advancing the field forward.
Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus databases.
Review Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.