Endothelin-1 Plasma and Aqueous Humor Levels in Different Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Several studies suggest the complex relationship between Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels with various types of glaucoma. This systematic review and meta-analysis explore ET-1 levels in plasma and aqueous humor among different types of glaucoma. : A literature search (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library) was made up to April 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023430471).

Corneal Irregularity Induced by Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy in a Patient With Partial Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a case of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (trans-PRK) laser ablation in a patient with partial limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) that resulted in corneal irregularity.

Methods: A 23-year-old man with bilateral partial LSCD underwent trans-PRK for myopia correction 2 months before presentation to our department. Trans-PRK ablation was performed with a phototherapeutic keratectomy ablation profile set at 60 μm in the OD and 57 μm in the OS and 8 mm zone.

The Multifarious Effects of Various Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy on Corneal Endothelium: A Narrative Review.

Corneal endothelium is a single cell layer that is mainly responsible for maintaining corneal clarity. Endothelial damage secondary to toxicity, stress, or genetic predisposition are common and in conjunction with the low regenerative ability of the cells, making their preservation critical for maintaining visual acuity. Patients with glaucoma, who are estimated to be close to 80 million worldwide, have a plethora of reasons for developing endothelial damage, being exposed to a spectrum that extends from various medical and surgical interventions to the disease itself.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To examine the association between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) retinal measurements and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception up to November 5th, 2021 for studies examining the differences between OCTA retinal measurements in PD patients and healthy controls. We used the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random-effects method to combine study-specific standardized mean differences (SMD) in pooled effect estimates and a meta-analytic extension of the E-value metric to quantify the confounding bias capable of nullifying the pooled estimates.

Three-Year Results of Simultaneous Transepithelial Phototherapeutic Keratectomy and Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy (Cretan Protocol Plus) Followed by Corneal Crosslinking for Keratoconus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the 3-year outcomes after simultaneous transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (t-PTK) and conventional photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) followed by corneal crosslinking (CXL) for keratoconus.

Methods: In this prospective, interventional case series, patients with progressive keratoconus underwent simultaneous t-PTK and conventional PRK followed by CXL (Cretan protocol plus). Visual, refractive, and topographic outcomes were evaluated along with endothelial cell density (ECD) preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively.

Combined Astigmatic Arcuate Keratotomy with Descemet Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty.

We report the results of simultaneous astigmatic arcuate keratotomy (AK) and Descemet automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). A 55-year-old patient with a history of high myopia was referred for the management of bullous keratopathy secondary to an anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL). IOL explantation through a 5.

Intraocular Lens Refractive Index and Its Impact on External Surface Reflections.

Purpose: To determine and compare the origin of the external surface reflections produced by commonly used intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods: The specular reflection taking place at the anterior surface of eight types of IOLs (IOL power = 22.00 diopters [D]) with different refractive indices (RIs), optical design, and ultraviolet and blue light-filtering function were measured.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Combined Photorefractive Keratectomy and Corneal Crosslinking in Keratoconus Suspects.

Purpose: To present the long-term outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) combined with accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) for refractive error correction in a series of keratoconus suspects.

Setting: University practice.

Design: Retrospective case series.

"Corneal Plication" for the Management of Progressive Corneal Graft Protrusion in Patients With Keratoconus: a New Technique.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present a new surgical technique, namely corneal plication, for the management of high astigmatism and progressive corneal graft protrusion after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for keratoconus.

Methods: New surgical approach description.

Results: A 61-year-old woman with a history of bilateral keratoconus was referred to our institute for the management of progressive corneal graft protrusion in her left eye 25 years after PKP.

Repeated Corneal Cross-linking (CXL) in Keratoconus Progression After Primary Treatment: Updated Perspectives.

: Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently become the preferred practice in the management of progressive keratoconus and other corneal ectasias as it has been proven to be successful in halting progression of the disease with an excellent safety and efficacy profile. However, there is a known variation regarding the response to CXL, depending on several parameters related either to the treatment protocol, patient characteristics, or corneal biomechanical properties. In fact, continuing progression of keratoconus has been noted in some cases despite prior treatment with CXL.

Small incision lenticule extraction retreatment in a patient with high residual refractive error after photorefractive keratectomy: A case report.

A 36-year-old male underwent uneventful small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for the correction of his high residual refractive error 12 years after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Preoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was counting fingers in both eyes. Corrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 in the right and 20/30 in the left eye due to amblyopia.

Corneal cross-linking (CXL) combined with refractive surgery for the comprehensive management of keratoconus: CXL plus.

The past two decades have witnessed an unprecedented evolution in the management of keratoconus that demands a holistic approach comprising of inhibiting the ectatic progression as well as visual rehabilitation. The advent of corneal cross-linking (CXL) in the late 1990s resulted in long-term stabilization of the ectatic cornea along with limited reduction in corneal steepening and regularization of corneal curvature. However, CXL as a standalone procedure does not suffice in rehabilitating the functional vision especially in patients who are unwilling or intolerant towards contact lenses.

Evolution of corneal flattening after repeated corneal cross-linking during a 6-year follow-up.

Purpose: To report the evolution of corneal flattening after repeated corneal cross-linking (CXL) in a patient with progressive keratoconus during a 6-year follow-up.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 27-year-old female underwent CXL for progressive keratoconus.

Accuracy of dynamic contour tonometry, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and Tono-Pen XL in edematous corneas.

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of dynamic contour tonometry, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and Tono-Pen XL in edematous corneas.

Methods: Experimental study included 20 freshly enucleated porcine eyes. Epithelium was debrided, and eyes were divided in four groups.

5-year efficacy of all surface laser ablation with cross-linking (ASLA-XTRA) for the treatment of myopia.

Background: The purpose of our study is to examine the long (5-year) efficacy of the all surface laser ablation (ASLA) combined with accelerated cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of myopia without the use of mitomycin-C (MMC).

Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 202 eyes of 118 myopic (SD: 2.41, range: - 1.

Simultaneous Penetrating Keratoplasty and Implantation of a New Scleral-Fixated, Sutureless, Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens (Soleko, Carlevale): A Novel Technique.

Purpose: To describe a novel technique of combined penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with implantation of a new scleral-fixated, sutureless, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) (Soleko, Carlevale).

Methods: New surgical approach description.

Results: We describe a novel technique for the management of PKP graft failure and posttraumatic aphakia with repeat-PKP and simultaneous implantation of a new scleral-fixated, sutureless PC-IOL.

A New Surgical Approach for the Management of Acute Corneal Hydrops Complicated With Corneal Perforation.

Purpose: To report an unusual case of a patient with keratoconus and acute hydrops complicated with corneal perforation and describe its management using a new surgical approach.

Methods: A case report and new surgical approach description.

Results: A 47-year-old female patient with a history of keratoconus and implantable contact lens surgery presented at our institute with symptoms of acute corneal hydrops in her right eye.

Burr-Assisted Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) in Patients with Corneal Stromal Scarring: A Case Series.

Purpose: To describe a modified technique of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) assisted by diamond ophthalmic burr (DOB) in two patients with corneal stromal scarring.

Methods: Two patients with corneal stromal scarring underwent a modified DALK technique with corneal stromal polishing assisted by a DOB until the level of the Descemet membrane.

Results: There were no intra- or postoperative complications.

Resolution of Corneal Fibrosis After Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report the resolution of anterior corneal fibrosis after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), in a patient with chronic corneal edema and anterior stromal scarring.

Methods: A 63-year-old woman, with a history of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, presented with increasing discomfort and gradual visual loss in her right eye. Clinical examination revealed long-standing bullous keratopathy accompanied by marked subepithelial fibrosis (SEF).

Using corneal graft from keratoconic donor for lamellar and penetrating keratoplasties.

We report the use of two corneal grafts derived from a donor, with a history of early stage keratoconus, for lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty. The first graft was used to perform Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in a patient with endothelial dysfunction and advanced pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. The second graft was used for an emergency penetrating keratoplasty in a patient with corneal perforation secondary to uncontrolled herpes keratitis.

Surgical management of post-Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty interface haze associated with interface deposits.

We describe an effective technique for the management of graft-host interface haze associated with interface deposits after Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) with bimanual irrigation/aspiration. A Tan marginal dissector was used to separate the graft from the stroma in the nasal two-thirds of the graft-host interface. The aspiration handpiece was inserted in the interface through the nasal side-port corneal incision and a separate irrigation tip was placed in the anterior chamber (AC) through the temporal corneal paracentesis.

Predictors of Visual Acuity Improvement and Supernormal Vision After Refined Single-Step Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy.

Purpose: To investigate predicting factors of visual acuity improvement and achieving uncorrected (UDVA) or corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity supernormal vision (⩾ 15/10; Snellen 20/13) 1 year after refined transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK).

Methods: In this retrospective case series, a total of 155 eyes with myopia (mean ± standard deviation = -3.53 ± 1.

Femtosecond-Assisted Elliptical LASIK Flap for the Correction of Post-Arcuate Keratotomy Residual Astigmatism.

We report the application of an elliptical femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap for the management of post-arcuate keratotomy (AK) residual astigmatism. An 82-year-old male was referred to our institute for evaluation of his right eye due to residual regular astigmatism 1 year after AK. On examination, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/50 and corrected distance visual acuity was 20/25 (+3.