The use of 14/16Fr ureter access sheath for safe and effective management of large upper ureteral calculi.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of ureteroscopic lithotripsy for the management of large proximal ureteral stones > 10 mm using 14/16 Fr ureteral access sheath (UAS).

Materials And Methods: Patients' data from prospective database undergoing ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy with a use of 14/16Fr UAS were collected. All patients were pre-stented prior to the procedure.

Endoscopic sphincterotomy with sphincteroplasty for the management of choledocholithiasis: a single-centre experience.

Background: Balloon dilatation of the ampulla at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is increasingly utilized in the management of large bile duct stones. The aim of this study was to review and compare the outcomes of using endoscopic sphincterotomy with endoscopic balloon dilatation (sphincteroplasty) in a combined approach as a single-stage (immediate) or a two-stage procedure (delayed).

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records for all patients undergoing ERCP and balloon dilatation for choledocholithiasis between January 2010 and December 2012 was undertaken.

Torsion of the gallbladder: a systematic review.

Background: Gallbladder torsion is a rare disease, predominantly affecting elderly women. It is an important differential in the acute surgical abdomen.

Methods: A total of 324 published case reports of torsion of the gallbladder were reviewed.