Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: A systematic review of risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to systematically evaluate published cases of PVOD to provide an overview of their clinical presentation, management and prognosis to assist early identification and treatment. We conducted a literature search of PubMed and Embase databases for adult cases of 'pulmonary veno-occlusive disease' and 'pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis'.

Evaluation of subjective anterior disc space widening on trauma cervical spine CT as a potential sign of ligamentous injury.

Introduction: MRI is commonly accepted as the gold standard imaging technique for identification of isolated discoligamentous injury to the cervical spine. Widening of the anterior disc space (ADW) has been suggested as signs of injury to the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL). The purpose of this study aimed to assess the accuracy of ADW reported on CT as a sign of ligamentous injury compared.

CLiP, catheter and line position dataset.

Correct catheter position is crucial to ensuring appropriate function of the catheter and avoid complications. This paper describes a dataset consisting of 50,612 image level and 17,999 manually labelled annotations from 30,083 chest radiographs from the publicly available NIH ChestXRay14 dataset with manually annotated and segmented endotracheal tubes (ETT), nasoenteric tubes (NET) and central venous catheters (CVCs).

Accuracy of dual-bolus CT in the diagnosis of active arterial bleeding in adult pelvic trauma.

Introduction: A single-phase dual-bolus CT (DB-CT) simultaneously opacifies both arterial and venous systems and can be utilised in the trauma setting to aid in the diagnosis of active bleeding while also allowing for optimal assessment of the abdominal and pelvic viscera. Active bleeding can be venous or arterial, the latter being amenable to angiography and potentially embolisation. We aimed to establish the accuracy of single-phase DB-CT vs commonly performed portal venous CT (PV-CT) in the diagnosis of active bleeding when compared to formal digital subtraction angiography as the gold standard.

The Safety of Continuing Therapeutic Anticoagulation During Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval: A 6-Year Retrospective Review from a Tertiary Centre.

Purpose: Assess the safety of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter retrieval in patients taking anticoagulation, compared to a non-anticoagulated cohort.

Materials And Methods: Single-centre retrospective analysis of patients who underwent IVC filter retrieval between January 2012 and February 2018. Information about patient demographics, anticoagulation, tilt, major and minor complications was collected.

Hoxa-11 maintains cell proliferation in the mouse gubernaculum to facilitate testicular descent.

Introduction: The gubernaculum is a structure vital for guiding testicular descent. The Homeobox gene, Hoxa-11, is involved in patterning embryonic structures and is necessary for gubernacular development, as Hoxa-11 knock-out mice exhibit abnormal gubernacula and undescended testes. We aimed to elucidate how testicular descent fails by examining cell proliferation and androgen receptor (AR) expression in Hoxa-11 KO mice gubernacula.

Wnt signalling in testicular descent: a candidate mechanism for cryptorchidism in Robinow syndrome.

Background/aims: Robinow syndrome is caused by mutations in Wnt-5a or its receptor Ror2 and can lead to cryptorchidism, though the mechanisms are unclear. Wnt-5a knock-out mice fail to undergo gubernacular swelling, similar to insulin-like hormone 3 (INSl-3) knock-out mice. We aimed to characterise Wnt-5a and Ror2 expression in rat gubernacula to better understand how Wnt-5a signalling affects testicular descent.

The regulation of testicular descent and the effects of cryptorchidism.

The first half of this review examines the boundary between endocrinology and embryonic development, with the aim of highlighting the way hormones and signaling systems regulate the complex morphological changes to enable the intra-abdominal fetal testes to reach the scrotum. The genitoinguinal ligament, or gubernaculum, first enlarges to hold the testis near the groin, and then it develops limb-bud-like properties and migrates across the pubic region to reach the scrotum. Recent advances show key roles for insulin-like hormone 3 in the first step, with androgen and the genitofemoral nerve involved in the second step.

Gone with the Wnt: the canonical Wnt signaling axis is present and androgen dependent in the rodent gubernaculum.

Background/aims: How androgens control inguinoscrotal descent remains controversial but may include canonical Wnt signaling via the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin. The canonical Wnt pathway transcribes genes regulating mesenchymal cell migration, fate, extracellular matrix remodeling, and in addition Axin2, a feedback product that reliably identifies Wnt activation. The relationship between β-catenin and androgen receptor warranted investigation into the involvement of the canonical Wnt pathway in testicular descent.