Identification of Mammaliicoccus fleurettii as the source of a methicillin-resistant gene in a First Nation reserve lake in Manitoba, Canada.

Our study aimed to identify the bacterial source of a previously detected mobile antibiotic-resistant gene, , found in a lake that serves as a source to a water treatment plant operated by a First Nation reserve. Three methicillin-resistant presumptive spp. isolated from the sample using selective media were verified as positive by PCR.

Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine gluconate, intranasal mupirocin, rifampin, and doxycycline versus chlorhexidine gluconate and intranasal mupirocin alone for the eradication of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) colonization.

Background: Several decolonization regimens have been studied to prevent recurrent methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections. Clinical equipoise remains with regard to the role of MRSA decolonization. We compared initial MRSA clearance and subsequent MRSA recolonization rates over a 12-month period after standard decolonization (using topical chlorhexidine gluconate, and intranasal mupirocin) or systemic decolonization (using topical chlorhexidine gluconate, intranasal mupirocin, oral rifampin, and oral doxycycline).

Generation of Greater Bacterial Biofilm Biomass using PCR-Plate Deep Well Microplate Devices.

Bacterial biofilms are difficult to eradicate from surfaces using conventional antimicrobial interventions. High-throughput 96-well microplate methods are frequently used to cultivate bacterial biofilms for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing to calculate minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values. Standard biofilm devices consist of polystyrene pegged-lids fitted to 96-well microplates and are ideal for measuring biofilm biomass and MBEC values, but these devices are limited by available peg surface area for biomass accumulation and cost.

A Clostridioides difficile surveillance study of Canadian retail meat samples from 2016-2018.

In this study, we isolated and molecularly characterized 10 (1.6%) C. difficile isolates from 644 commercially available raw meat samples.

Vancomycin-resistant sequence type 1478 spread across hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program from 2013 to 2018.

Objective: To analyze the spread of a novel sequence type (ST1478) of vancomycin-resistant across Canadian hospitals.

Design: Retrospective chart review of patients identified as having ST1478 VRE bloodstream infection.

Setting: Canadian hospitals that participate in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP).

Comparative genomics of ST5 and ST30 methicillin-resistant sequential isolates recovered from paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

chronic airway infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) allows this pathogen to adapt over time in response to different selection pressures. We have previously shown that the main sequence types related to community-acquired methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections in Argentina - ST5 and ST30 - are also frequently isolated from the sputum of patients with CF, but in these patients they usually display multi-drug antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of MRSA from four paediatric CF patients with the goal of identifying mutations among sequential isolates, especially those possibly related to antimicrobial resistance and virulence, which might contribute to the adaptation of the pathogen in the airways of patients with CF.

Direct Clostridioides difficile ribotyping from stool using capillary electrophoresis.

Clostridioides difficile(C. difficile) genotyping is essential for surveillance of emerging strains, transmissions, and outbreak investigations, but culture is lengthy and may not be routinely performed, which necessitates culture-independent genotyping methods. We aimed to develop a direct from stool C.

Emergence of pstS-Null Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Clone ST1478, Canada, 2013-2018.

Rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infections have remained relatively low in Canada. We recently observed an increase of 113% in these infections rates, which coincided with emergence of Enterococcus faecium pstS-null sequence type 1478. The proportion of this sequence type increased from 2.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile isolated from diarrhoeal stool specimens of Canadian patients: summary of results from the Canadian Clostridioides difficile (CAN-DIFF) surveillance study from 2013 to 2017.

Objectives: To summarize data generated by the Canadian Clostridioides difficile (CAN-DIFF) surveillance study from 2013 to 2017.

Methods: Isolates of C. difficile (n = 2158) were cultured from toxin-positive diarrhoeal stool specimens submitted by eight hospital laboratories to a coordinating laboratory.

Characterization of MRSA in Canada from 2007 to 2016.

Objectives: This study assessed the demographic and molecular characteristics of community-associated (CA) and healthcare-associated (HA) MRSA genotypes in Canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2016.

Methods: A total of 1963 MRSA were identified among 9103 Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients presenting to tertiary-care medical centres across Canada. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution in accordance with CLSI standards (M7 11th edition, 2018).

Pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients with healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection were already colonized on admission.

Unlabelled: Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) in pediatric oncology patients is complex as diarrhea is common, and there is a high rate of colonization in infants and young children.

PCR ribotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates of Clostridium difficile cultured from toxin-positive diarrheal stools of patients receiving medical care in Canadian hospitals: the Canadian Clostridium difficile Surveillance Study (CAN-DIFF) 2013-2015.

Clostridium difficile toxin-positive diarrheal stool specimens submitted to eight Canadian hospital laboratories from 2013 to 2015 were cultured. Polymerase chain reaction ribotyping of isolates was performed using an internationally standardized, high-resolution capillary gel-based electrophoresis protocol and antimicrobial susceptibility testing conducted by CLSI-defined agar dilution (M11-A8, 2012). Among the 1310 isolates of C.

Genetic characteristics and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolates from Caribbean countries.

Emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) that first appeared on the stage about three decades ago is now a major concern worldwide as it has globally reached every continent. Our aim was to simply undertake a multinational study to delineate the resistance and virulence genes of clinical isolates of VRE isolates from the Caribbean. We employed both conventional (standard microbiological methods including use of E-test strips, chromogenic agar) and molecular methods (polymerase chain reactions-PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-PFGE and multilocus sequence typing-MLST) to analyze and characterize 245 Enterococci species and 77 VRE isolates from twelve hospitals from eight countries in the Caribbean.

Severe MRSA Enterocolitis Caused by a Strain Harboring Enterotoxins D, G, and I.

We describe a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) enterocolitis in a healthy adult with previous antibiotic exposure. Colonoscopy revealed diffuse colitis and mild ileitis without ulceration. Stool cultures demonstrated abundant growth of MRSA and absent normal flora.

Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from Bermuda.

Molecular characteristics of vancomycin resistant enterococci isolates from Bermuda Island is currently unknown. This study was conducted to investigate phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of VRE isolates from Bermuda Island using the chromogenic agar, E-tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eighteen E.

A Whole-Genome Sequencing Approach To Study Cefoxitin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolates from Various Sources.

This study characterized cefoxitin-resistant and -susceptible serovar Heidelberg strains from humans, abattoir poultry, and retail poultry to assess the molecular relationships of isolates from these sources in Québec in 2012. Isolates were collected as part of the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR for CMY-2, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

A cross sectional study of animal and human colonization with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an Aboriginal community.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are common among humans in Aboriginal communities in Canada, for unknown reasons.

Methods: Cross sectional study of humans and dogs in an Aboriginal community of approximately 1200 persons. Our objectives were to measure community-based prevalence of nasal MRSA colonization among humans, use multivariable logistic regression to analyze risk factors for MRSA colonization, and perform molecular typing of Staphylococci isolated to investigate interspecies transmission.

Molecular Epidemiology of a Vancomycin-Intermediate Heteroresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have become the leading cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly in premature neonates. Vancomycin-intermediate heteroresistant CoNS (hVICoNS) have been identified as sources of BSIs worldwide, and their potential to emerge as significant pathogens in the neonatal ICU (NICU) remains uncertain. This study describes the molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of vancomycin-heteroresistant (hV) Staphylococcus epidermidis central-line-associated BSI (CLABSI) in a single tertiary care NICU and compares it to a second tertiary care NICU that had not been associated with an outbreak.