Lifetime risk of cardiovascular-renal disease in type 2 diabetes: a population-based study in 473,399 individuals.

Background: Cardiovascular and renal diseases (CVRD) are major causes of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Studies of lifetime risk have neither considered all CVRD together nor the relative contribution of major risk factors to combined disease burden.

Methods: In a population-based cohort study using national electronic health records, we studied 473,399 individuals with T2D in England 2007-2018.

Treatment limitations at admission to intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand: prevalence, outcomes, and resource use*.

Background: Previous studies have addressed patients in whom treatment is withheld or withdrawn after a period of intensive care unit management. However, no studies have investigated the epidemiology of patients with treatment limitations in place at the time of intensive care unit admission.

Objective: To report the epidemiology and outcome of patients with treatment limitations at intensive care unit admission and to identify characteristics associated with survival and discharge to home.