Nipple smear cytology is of no value in the management of women with nipple discharge.

Nipple smear cytology (NSC) is commonly used in the management of patients with nipple discharge. A retrospective review was conducted to evaluate the results of NSC and determine if the test provided important information that potentially altered patient management. Two hundred twenty-two NSC specimens were obtained from 165 patients.

13-year outcomes following treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer in a population based cohort.

Purpose: Because data from randomized trials initiated after the introduction of prostate specific antigen testing are unavailable, we performed a retrospective, population based study to estimate prostate cancer specific survival and overall survival after surgery, radiation or observation to manage clinically localized prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: From the Connecticut Tumor Registry we identified Connecticut residents 75 years or younger diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1992. We obtained information from physician offices concerning treatments received by 1,618 patients who underwent surgery (802), external beam radiation therapy (702) or no initial therapy (114) and subsequent medical outcomes.

Prostate cancer and the Will Rogers phenomenon.

Background: Information on tumor stage and grade are used to assess cancer prognosis and to produce standardized comparisons of end results over time. Changes in the interpretation of classification schemes can alter the apparent distribution of cancer stage or grade in the absence of a true biologic change. Since the introduction of prostate-specific antigen testing, the reported incidence of low-grade prostate cancer has declined.

The interleukin-1 family of cytokines and receptors in human breast cancer: implications for tumor progression.

We have previously described the expression of interleukin cytokines (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in human breast cancer (HBC) tissue. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesize that the IL-1 family of cytokines, antagonists (IL-1ra) and receptors (IL-1RI and IL-1RII) are present within the human breast cancer (HBC) tumor microenvironment and that the IL-1 network of cytokines and receptors within the tumor microenvironment can control tumor cell subpopulation expression of other protumorigenic cytokines such as the angiogenic/growth factor, interleukin-8 (IL-8). To test this hypothesis we characterized the in vivo expression of the IL-1 network in HBC tissues and homogenates by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA.

Human Liver Neoplasia and Steroid Exposure.

This study examines experience with over 250 liver tumors in young women. Most were oral contraceptive related. There were two distinct benign liver tumor types: focal nodular hyperplasia and liver cell adenoma.