Transcriptomic Analyses Predict Enhanced Metabolic Activity and Therapeutic Potential of mTOR Inhibitors in Acne-Prone Skin.

Current acne therapies center on preventing new lesions in patients with acne. These therapies were historically found to be beneficial yet were chosen without knowledge of the specific changes in the skin that favor lesion development. A major challenge in developing new treatments is the incomplete understanding of nonlesional (NL), acne-prone skin's molecular characteristics.

Analysis of intracellular communication reveals consistent gene changes associated with early-stage acne skin.

A comprehensive understanding of the intricate cellular and molecular changes governing the complex interactions between cells within acne lesions is currently lacking. Herein, we analyzed early papules from six subjects with active acne vulgaris, utilizing single-cell and high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing. We observed significant changes in signaling pathways across seven different cell types when comparing lesional skin samples (LSS) to healthy skin samples (HSS).

Analysis of Intracellular Communication Reveals Consistent Gene Changes Associated with Early-Stage Acne Skin.

A comprehensive understanding of the intricate cellular and molecular changes governing the complex interactions between cells within acne lesions is currently lacking. Herein, we analyzed early papules from six subjects with active acne vulgaris, utilizing single-cell and high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing. We observed significant changes in signaling pathways across seven different cell types when comparing lesional skin samples (LSS) to healthy skin samples (HSS).

Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse population of lymphocytes classified into natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and ILCregs, broadly following the cytokine secretion and transcription factor profiles of classical T cell subsets. Nonetheless, the ILC lineage does not have rearranged antigen-specific receptors and possesses distinct characteristics. ILCs are found in barrier tissues such as the skin, lungs, and intestines, where they play a role between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells.

Treatment response to isotretinoin correlates with specific shifts in Cutibacterium acnes strain composition within the follicular microbiome.

There are no drugs as effective as isotretinoin for acne. Deciphering the changes in the microbiome induced by isotretinoin in the pilosebaceous follicle of successfully treated patients can pave the way to identify novel therapeutic alternatives. We determined how the follicular microbiome changes with isotretinoin and identified which alterations correlate with a successful treatment response.

Effect of a fifth round of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children aged 5-14 years in Dangassa, an area of long transmission in Mali.

Despite a significant reduction in the burden of malaria in children under five years-old, the efficient implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) at large scale remains a major concern in areas with long malaria transmission. Low coverage rate in the unattainable areas during the rainy season, a shift in the risk of malaria to older children and the rebound in malaria incidence after stopping drug administration are mainly reported in these areas. These gaps represent a major challenge in the efficient implementation of SMC measures.

Human Regulatory T Cells: Understanding the Role of Tregs in Select Autoimmune Skin Diseases and Post-Transplant Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining immune tolerance and homeostasis by modulating how the immune system is activated. Several studies have documented the critical role of Tregs in suppressing the functions of effector T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Under certain conditions, Tregs can lose their suppressive capability, leading to a compromised immune system.

A protocol to detect human CD4 T cell extracellular traps using scanning electron microscopy.

We present a protocol to detect extracellular traps (ETs) induced by Cutibacterium acnes in cultured T17 clones. We first describe the isolation of C. acnes-specific T17 clones by sterile cell sorting.

Do Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influence Keloid Recurrence?

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been postulated by a number of authors to be the precursor cells of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in keloids. They have been seen as a regenerative pool that ensures a steady supply of cells. The objective of our study was to determine MSCs in keloids and normal skin as a determinant of keloid recurrence.

T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and frequently lethal skin cancer with neuroendocrine characteristics. MCC can originate from either the presence of MCC polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA or chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure that can cause DNA mutations. MCC is predominant in sun-exposed regions of the body and can metastasize to regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone, and brain.

Evolution of the facial skin microbiome during puberty in normal and acne skin.

Background: The composition of the skin microbiome varies from infancy to adulthood and becomes most stable in adulthood. Adult acne patients harbour an 'acne microbiome' dominated by specific strains of Cutibacterium acnes. However, the precise timing of skin microbiome evolution, the development of the acne microbiome, and the shift to virulent C.

T Cell Extracellular Traps: Tipping the Balance Between Skin Health and Disease.

The role of extracellular traps (ETs) in the innate immune response against pathogens is well established. ETs were first identified in neutrophils and have since been identified in several other immune cells. Although the mechanistic details are not yet fully understood, recent reports have described antigen-specific T cells producing T cell extracellular traps (TETs).

The effects of negative pressure wound therapy on wounds with cerebrospinal fluid leakages.

Objective: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used for a variety of wounds with good outcomes. However, it is contraindicated in the management of wounds with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakages. The reason is the fear of a sudden shift of CSF fluid as a result of suction leading to brain herniation or coning.

Female Adult Acne and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee.

In endocrine and reproductive endocrine literature, adult female acne is considered as a possible clinical expression of hyperandrogenism, with most polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guidelines considering acne as a condition of androgen excess. Adult female acne, however, in the dermatological literature is considered as an inflammatory skin disease and new guidelines on adult female acne have been produced by dermatological societies, with little perspective from any endocrine or reproductive endocrine points of view. An expert task force was appointed by the AE-PCOS society to determine the current state of knowledge and provide evidence-based recommendations that could be valid for all specialists taking care of female adult acne.

Keloids: Does patients' sex influence the presentation and recurrence post-excision?

 .

Multiple Cytokines Elevated in Patients with Keloids: Is It an Indication of Auto-Inflammatory Disease?

Background: Inflammation seems to play a major role in the pathophysiology of keloids. However, the role of cytokines in keloid pathophysiology has not been fully evaluated with only a few cytokines studied. We undertook this study to compare various cytokines in patients with keloids and a control group of patients without keloids nor family history of keloids so as to determine which cytokines are elevated and could thus be critical in keloid formation.

Does Keloid Histology Influence Recurrence?

Keloids are fibroproliferative disorders characterized by high recurrence rates, with few factors known to influence the same. We conducted a study to determine whether keloid histology influences recurrence. This was a prospective longitudinal study to determine whether histopathological parameters of keloid influence recurrence.

Extracellular traps released by antimicrobial TH17 cells contribute to host defense.

TH17 cell subpopulations have been defined that contribute to inflammation and homeostasis, yet the characteristics of TH17 cells that contribute to host defense against infection are not clear. To elucidate the antimicrobial machinery of the TH17 subset, we studied the response to Cutibacterium acnes, a skin commensal that is resistant to IL-26, the only known TH17-secreted protein with direct antimicrobial activity. We generated C.

Keloid pathophysiology: fibroblast or inflammatory disorders?

Background: Keloids are defined as a benign dermal fibroproliferative disorder with no malignant potential. They tend to occur following trivial trauma or any form of trauma in genetically predisposed individuals. Keloids are known to grow beyond the margins of the wound and are common in certain body parts.

G2A Attenuates Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Monocytes.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, and immune responses to (PA). Here, we explore a possible mechanism by which a lipid receptor, G2A, regulates immune responses to a commensal bacterium.

Objective: To elucidate the inflammatory properties of G2A in monocytes in response to PA stimulation.

Phenotype and Antimicrobial Activity of Th17 Cells Induced by Propionibacterium acnes Strains Associated with Healthy and Acne Skin.

Studies of the human skin microbiome suggest that Propionibacterium acnes strains may contribute differently to skin health and disease. However, the immune phenotype and functions of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells induced by healthy (P) versus acne (P) skin-associated P. acnes strains are currently unknown.

Different Propionibacterium acnes Phylotypes Induce Distinct Immune Responses and Express Unique Surface and Secreted Proteomes.

Propionibacterium acnes is a skin commensal bacterium that contributes to the development of acne vulgaris and other infections. Recent work revealed that P. acnes clinical isolates can be classified into distinct phylotypes, several of which have associations with healthy skin or acne.

Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles Prevent Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation by Both Clearing the Organism and Inhibiting Microbial Stimulation of the Innate Immune Response.

Propionibacterium acnes induction of IL-1 cytokines through the NLRP3 (NLR, nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor) inflammasome was recently highlighted as a dominant etiological factor for acne vulgaris. Therefore, therapeutics targeting both the stimulus and the cascade would be ideal. Nitric oxide (NO), a potent biological messenger, has documented broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties.