Antimicrobial and resource utilization with T2 magnetic resonance for rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections: systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled studies.

To compare antimicrobial and resource utilization with T2 Magnetic Resonance (T2MR) versus blood culture (BC) in patients with suspected bloodstream infection. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for randomized trials or observational controlled studies of patients with suspected bloodstream infection receiving a diagnosis with T2MR or BC. Using an inverse variance meta-analysis model, we reported mortality using the risk ratio (RR) and the remaining outcomes as the mean difference (MD).

In vitro interaction of fluconazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against using ETEST and checkerboard methods.

was discovered in 2009 and has rapidly emerged as a serious public health threat with cases reported in over 20 countries worldwide. As of May 8, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a total of 1122 US cases. is often multidrug resistant, leaving few options for treatment.

Evaluation of the in vitro interaction of fosfomycin and meropenem against metallo-β-lactamase-producing using Etest and time-kill assay.

is a nosocomial pathogen containing various resistance mechanisms. Among them, metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing are difficult to treat. Fosfomycin is an older antibiotic that has recently seen increased usage due to its activity against a broad spectrum of multidrug-resistant organisms.

Performance of the T2Bacteria Panel for Diagnosing Bloodstream Infections: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Background: Blood cultures, the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections (BSIs), are insensitive and limited by prolonged time to results. The T2Bacteria Panel (T2 Biosystems) is a direct-from-blood, nonculture test that identifies the most common ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli).

Objective: To assess performance of the T2Bacteria Panel in diagnosing suspected BSIs in adults.

Synergistic effect between nisin and polymyxin B against pandrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen predominantly associated with nosocomial infections. The World Health Organization's data on antibiotic-resistant 'priority pathogens' reports carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii as a pathogen which is in critical need of research and development of new antimicrobials.

In vitro synergy with fluconazole plus doxycycline or tigecycline against clinical Candida glabrata isolates.

Candida species, traditionally viewed as opportunistic agents, are increasingly seen as a cause of infection in hospitalized patients. Treatment options are limited to a few classes of drugs. Increased resistance, especially by Candida glabrata, is problematic.

Tuberculous Otomastoiditis.

Tuberculous otitis media and mastoiditis, or tuberculous otomastoiditis, is a rare but well-described infectious process occasionally affecting individuals in the United States but more frequently seen in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. Infection may be primary and occur through mucus aspirated through the Eustachian tube. Alternatively, organisms may secondarily infect the nasopharynx when expectorated from the lungs and, less frequently, may be hematogenously spread.

In vitro Synergistic Activity of Caspofungin Plus Polymyxin B Against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida glabrata.

Background: Candida species account for most invasive fungal infections, and the emergence of fluconazole and caspofungin resistance is problematic. Overcoming resistance with synergism between 2 drugs may be useful. In a 2013 in vitro study, caspofungin plus colistin (polymyxin E) was found to act synergistically against fluconazole-resistant and susceptible Candida albicans isolates.

Update on the emerging role of telavancin in hospital-acquired infections.

Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide that has activity against Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. It has activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus and non-Van-A strains of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Comparison of 3 Etest(®) methods and time-kill assay for determination of antimicrobial synergy against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella species.

Increasing global antibiotic resistance has resulted in more use of antibiotic combinations. There is a lack of a gold standard for in vitro testing of these combinations for synergy or antagonism. Time-kill assay (TKA) may be used but is labor intensive and not practical for clinical use.

In Vitro Synergy of Telavancin and Rifampin Against Enterococcus faecium Resistant to Both Linezolid and Vancomycin.

Background: An emerging pathogen is Enterococcus faecium resistant to both linezolid and vancomycin (LRVRE). Antimicrobial combinations may be required for therapy and need to be evaluated. The combination of daptomycin and rifampin has demonstrated good in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria, including E faecium.

IDSA clinical practice guideline for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in children and adults.

Evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and initial management of suspected acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults and children were prepared by a multidisciplinary expert panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America comprising clinicians and investigators representing internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, otolaryngology, public health, epidemiology, and adult and pediatric infectious disease specialties. Recommendations for diagnosis, laboratory investigation, and empiric antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy were developed.

Detection of synergy using the combination of polymyxin B with either meropenem or rifampin against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Polymyxin B (PB) plus meropenem (MER) or rifampin (RIF) was tested by Etest® method and time-kill assay (TKA) against 14 genetically unique clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. PB + MER: Etest, 43% synergy; TKA, 64% synergy.

In vitro synergistic/additive activity of levofloxacin with meropenem against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Synergy testing of levofloxacin and meropenem by Etest and time-kill assay (TKA) was performed against 30 genetically unique clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. Synergy was demonstrated in 18/30 (60%) isolates by Etest and in 13/30 (43%) by TKA; the remaining isolates were indifferent. Methods showed agreement for 25/30 (83%) of isolates.

In vitro antibacterial activity of tigecycline against resistant Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci by time-kill assay.

This time-kill study was performed with 65 genetically unique clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci to further define the antibacterial activity of tigecycline. To our knowledge, this is the largest published time-kill study evaluating tigecycline activity to date. Isolates evaluated were 10 meropenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; 15 Escherichia coli, including 10 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers; 15 Klebsiella pneumoniae, including 10 ESBL producers; 20 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), including 10 that were linezolid resistant; and 5 vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis.

The detection of synergy between meropenem and polymyxin B against meropenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii using Etest and time-kill assay.

Time-kill assay and Etest testing for synergy of meropenem (MER) (1x MIC) plus polymyxin B (1/4, 1/2, and 1x MIC) were performed against 8 genetically unique MER-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Time-kill assay demonstrated synergy for all isolates, whereas Etest showed synergy in 5 isolates and indifference in 3.

In vitro testing of daptomycin plus rifampin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant to rifampin.

Objective: To test for synergy between daptomycin (DAP) and rifampin (RIF) against RIF-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates.

Methods: Synergy testing using time-kill assay (TKA) was performed on 6 clinically, and genetically unique RIF-resistant MRSA isolates. The isolates were identified out of 489 (1.

Tigecycline in critical care.

The emergence and spread of multidrug resistance in many pathogenic bacterial species is increasing at an alarming rate, especially with hospital-acquired infections in the critical care setting. Deaths associated with hospital-acquired infections have exceeded the number attributable to several of the top 10 leading causes of death reported in the United States. The emerging resistance limits the use of older antibiotics.

Study of common functional genetic polymorphisms of FCGR2A, 3A and 3B genes and the risk for cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected patients.

A pilot candidate gene association study was conducted to investigate the role of three common functional genetic polymorphisms of the low-affinity Fc gamma receptors, FCGR2A (131H/R), FCGR3A (158F/V) and FCGR3B (NA1/NA2) in Cryptococcus neoformans infections in individuals not infected with HIV. The FCGR2A 131RR and FCGR3A 158VV genotypes were over-represented [OR: 1.67 (1.

Tigecycline.

New antimicrobial agents are urgently needed for clinical use due to the increasing prevalence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria that are commonly responsible for serious and life-threatening diseases. The need to develop new agents that effectively overcome existing mechanisms of resistance displayed by bacteria resistant to currently available drugs has become paramount. Tigecycline, the first in a new class of antimicrobials, the glycylcyclines, is an analogue of minocycline with additional properties that negate most mechanisms mediating resistance to the tetracyclines.

In vitro synergy of ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin against ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with combined decreased susceptibility to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and piperacillin is increasingly being found as a cause of nosocomial infections. It is important to look for combinations of drugs that might be synergistic. Ciprofloxacin resistance by P.

The importance of bactericidal drugs: future directions in infectious disease.

Background: Although a considerable amount of research has gone into the study of the role of bactericidal versus bacteriostatic antimicrobial agents in the treatment of different infectious diseases, there is no accepted standard of practice.

Methods: A panel of infectious diseases specialists reviewed the available literature to try to define specific recommendations for clinical practice.

Results: In infections of the central nervous system, the rapidity with which the organism is killed may be an important determinant, because of the serious damage that may occur during these clinical situations.