Navigating Barriers to Oral Health Challenges Faced by Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review.

This article identifies the multifaceted challenges that hinder optimal oral health among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While dental care is a fundamental aspect of overall well-being, children with ASD encounter unique obstacles that often go unnoticed. Drawing from a comprehensive review of existing literature and insights from healthcare professionals, this article explores the sensory sensitivities, communication difficulties, and behavioral issues that contribute to suboptimal oral hygiene in this demographic.

Role of the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) Gene in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion and Its Significant Influence on the Skeletal Facial Profile in Both the Sagittal and Vertical Dimensions: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to determine the role of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in skeletal malocclusion and its significant influence on the growth of the maxilla and the mandible in both sagittal and vertical dimensions. A search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane up to and including the year 2023 was made. In addition to this, a hand search of orthodontic and dentofacial orthopaedic journals was carried out.

Current overview for chemical disinfection of dental impressions and models based on its criteria of usage: A microbiological study.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of two proven chemical disinfectants, glutaraldehyde and povidone iodine on dental impression and models by determining the reduction in the microbial load, and to compare changes in the physical properties of the models after adding the disinfectants.

Materials And Methods: Irreversible hydrocolloid upper impressions of 90 patients were made and divided into 3 groups of 30 samples each; Group A--Control group; Impressions were run under clean tap water before pouring the model. Group B--2% Glutaraldehyde sprayed on the impression and left in situ for 10 min before pouring the model.

Molecular Genetics and Targeted Therapies for Paediatric High-grade Glioma.

Brain tumours are the leading cause of paediatric cancer-associated death worldwide. High-grade glioma (HGG) represents a main cause of paediatric brain tumours and is associated with poor prognosis despite surgical and chemoradiotherapeutic advances. The molecular genetics of paediatric HGG (pHGG) are distinct from those in adults, and therefore, adult clinical trial data cannot be extrapolated to children.

Efficacy of zirconium oxide nanoparticles coated on stainless steel and nickel titanium wires in orthodontic treatment.

It is of particular intrigue to synthesize, analyze anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity effect of clove and cardamom reinforced zirconium oxide nanoparticles to coat the orthodontic archwires and study its ramifications. Characterization of nanoparticles was done using Transmission electron microscopic analysis (TEM). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion method.

Variation in condylar morphology in different malocclusion among Indians.

Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) joint and the condyle of mandible are observed in the radiographs of the skull and the jaw. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the predictability of four different shapes of condyle in skeletal class I, II and III malocclusion. The four commonly visualized shapes are oval, bird beak, diamond and crooked were assessed using an ortho pantomogram (OPG).

Antimicrobial activity of silymarin mediated zinc oxide and hydroxy apatite nanoparticles against oral pathogens.

The nanoparticles such as hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and zirconium nanoparticles have application in dentistry. Therefore, it is of interest to document the antimicrobial activity of silymarin mediated zinc oxide and hydroxy apatite nanoparticles against oral pathogens. Hence, we synthesized hydroxyapatie and zinc oxide nanoparticles with silymarin and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer.

Cytokine-based Cancer Immunotherapy: Challenges and Opportunities for IL-10.

Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving field of research. Cytokines have been conceptualized as an anticancer therapy for longer than most other cancer immunotherapy modalities. Yet, to date, only two cytokines are FDA-approved: IFN-α and IL-2.

Facial indices in lateral cephalogram for sex prediction in Chennai population - A semi-novel study.

Background: Osteological examination is a very reliable tool to determine the sex of the individual as the consolidation of the dimorphic characteristics concludes the sex of the individual. This study was performed with lateral cephalograms, which is a vital diagnostic tool for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. An index was formed, which could be considered as a reliable sex determinant in forensic applications.

Optimization of defluoridation using Ficus benghalensis leaf biosorbent through Taguchi's method.

Present research focuses on optimization of process parameters for defluoridation on novel Ficus benghalensis leaf biosorbent using Taguchi design tool. The maximum fluoride removal is obtained at pH 7, initial concentration 5 mg/L, contact time 120 min, adsorbent dose 10 g/L, and temperature 30°C, and its percentage contribution is found using ANOVA in the following order: pH 50.76% > initial concentration of adsorbate 44.

Endoscopic Repair of CSF Rhinorrhea: An Institutional Experience.

Introduction: Endoscopic repair is considered the treatment of choice in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. The aim of our study was to analyze the etiopathogenesis of CSF rhinorrhea, the outcome of treatment and the causes of failure in a developing-country setting.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated with endoscopic repair for CSF rhinorrhea at a tertiary care hospital in southern India from January 2002 to December 2009 identified 36 patients, the majority of them being women.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Nasal Cavity: A Case Report.

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs) of the nose and paranasal sinuses are extremely rare. These were originally described as neoplasms of the pleura originating from spindle cells. It is further sub-classified as a benign type of mesothelial tumour.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Intranasal Midazolam and Chloral Hydrate for Procedural Sedation in Children.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal midazolam and chloral hydrate syrup for procedural sedation in children.

Study Design: Prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial (double blind, double dummy).

Setting: Tertiary care hospital over 18 months.

Effect of various commercially available mouthrinses on shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets: an in vitro study.

Context: Alcohol is known to degrade and dissolve the bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate present in the composite resin. The effect of alcohol containing mouthrinses on the shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets bonded with composite resin has not been verified until date and is the purpose of this study.

Aims: The aims and objectives of the present study were to evaluate (1) Whether there is a significant difference in the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets after the 1 year (12 h) and 2 years simulation (24 h) of mouth rinsing with 4 different commercially available mouthrinses (2 alcoholic and 2 alcohol-free mouthrinses) when compared to the control.

Chlorhexidine varnishes effectively inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans - an in vivo study.

Background: Chlorhexidine varnish (Cervitec- Ivoclar Vivadent- Liechtenstein) is a sustained-release delivery system that can provide protection against white spots and gingivitis, which are common iatrogenic side effects of orthodontic treatment. Chlorhexidine in varnish form does not depend on patient compliance, does not stain teeth or alter taste sensation like the mouth rinse.

Materials And Methods: A split-mouth technique was followed in the treatment of 30 patients selected by stringent selection criteria, evaluating a single application of the test varnish on two randomly allotted quadrants along with a placebo on the other two quadrants.

Stethoscopes: what are we hearing?

This paper develops an objective methodology to test the audio quality of stethoscopes, classifies stethoscopes into five functional categories, and compares the audio performance of each of the five categories. These categories, based on the manufacturer's recommended use, are basic assessment, cardiology, disposable, high-end cardiology, and physical assessment. The classification into categories is based on the intended performance of the stethoscopes as provided by the manufacturers.

Dynamic slow motion video endoscopy in eustachian tube assessment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out if there is a correlation between dynamic video endoscopic study of eustachian tube (ET) with middle ear disease and to grade ET movements based on dynamic slow motion video endoscopy (DSVE) findings and to determine if DSVE can be used as a useful tool to evaluate tubal function.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, case control study was performed on 124 ears in 69 subjects who came to the ears, nose, and throat outpatient department. Transnasal endoscopic examination of the nasopharyngeal opening of the ET during rest, swallowing, and yawning was carried out to study its dilatory movements.