Antithrombotic property of an aqueous extract from and .

Background And Purpose: An aqueous extract from the root bark of and aerial parts of has been proven in previous research to elicit significant anticoagulant property . This, therefore, indicates the potential usefulness of this extract in managing thromboembolic disease, a major global health risk. The aim of the present work was to establish the antithrombotic effect of a product made from extracts of the root bark of and the aerial parts of (PAE).

Clinical Characteristics, Medication Prescription Pattern, and Treatment Outcomes at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Health-Care Facility in Ghana.

Objective: Neonates are more susceptible to infections, as well as medication toxicities. This study, therefore, sought to describe the clinical characteristics, medication prescription pattern, and treatment outcomes for neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary health-care facility in Ghana.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain clinical records, conditions for admission, spectrum of medications prescribed, and treatment outcomes from neonatal patient folders.

Hypotensive and Antihypertensive Properties and Safety for Use of and and Their Combination Products.

Introduction: In the management of hypertension (a cardiovascular disease and the leading metabolic risk factor in noncommunicable diseases) with herbal medicines, efficacy and safety are of uttermost concern. This study sought to establish hypotensive, antihypertensive, drug interaction, and safety for use of the aqueous leaf extracts of (AME), (PAE), or their combination products (CAPE). .

Efficacy and safety of extemporaneously prepared miconazole eye drops in Candida albicans-induced keratomycosis.

Purpose: Extemporaneously prepared miconazole eye drops (EPMD) are used by some eye care practitioners to manage keratomycosis in Ghana. This study therefore aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of EPMD using in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EPMD was determined by the agar-well diffusion method.

(Meliaceae) extracts on bone histomorphology in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (EthE), and ethanol extract (EAE) of monadelpha stem bark on bone histomorphology in arthritis.

Methods: Percentage inhibition of edema and arthritic scores in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced (0.1 ml of 5 mg/ml of heat-killed in paraffin oil-injected subplantar into the right hind paw) arthritic Sprague-Dawley rats treated with PEE, EthE, or EAE (10,30, and 100 mg/kg, respectively), dexamethasone (0.

The possible mode of antitussive and expectorant activity of the ethanol seed extracts of ((Stapf) Th. & H. Durand).

It has been established that has antitussive effect. This study therefore aimed at determining the possible mode of antitussive and expectorant activity of an ethanolic seed extract of (PNE). The muco-suppressant, mast cell stabilization, and the anxiolytic effects of PNE were ascertained using ammonium chloride-induced phenol red secretion in BALB/c mice; compound 48/80-induced mesenteric mast cell degranulation assay; and the open field and the elevated plus maze models respectively.

Anti-anaphylactic effects of (Thonn.) J. J. De Wilde extracts on rodent models of anaphylaxis.

Effects of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of stem bark (PEE and EAE) on compound 48/80-induced systemic and passive anaphylaxis were determined. Survival rate, extravasation, degranulation of mast cells, and secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured after pre-treatment with extracts (10-100 mg/kg) and disodium chromoglycate (2.5-250 μg/kg) and induction of anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice or Sprague-Dawley rats with compound 48/80.

Malaria rapid diagnostic test evaluation at private retail pharmacies in Kumasi, Ghana.

Objective: Malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) provides a good alternative to malaria microscopy diagnosis, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study therefore evaluated MRDT in private retail pharmacies (PRPs) as a critical step in community case malaria management.

Methods: In a prospective, cross-over, validation survey at six PRPs in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, 1200 patients presenting with fever in the preceding 48 h were sampled.

Anti-Cataract Potential of Heliotropium indicum Linn on Galactose-Induced Cataract in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-cataract potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of Heliotropium indicum (HIE) on galactose-induced cataract in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Materials And Methods: Cataract scores were recorded in 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats in which cataract was being induced by an oral administration of 1500 mgkg galactose twice daily for 4 weeks, and concurrently being treated with 30, 100, or 300 mgkg HIE daily over the induction period. Fasting blood glucose was monitored at weekly intervals.

Cryptolepine, an indoloquinoline alkaloid, in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.

Background: Effective long-term management is the key to treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications.

Aim: To ascertain the ability of cryptolepine (CRP) in managing DM and some associated complications.

Materials And Methods: Changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS), body weight, response to thermally-induced pain, and semen quality were assessed in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with CRP (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg), glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), or normal saline (2 ml/kg) per os.

Effect of preserved and preservative-free timolol eye drops on tear film stability in healthy Africans.

Background: Preserved versus nonpreserved formulations for ophthalmic use have been well described in the literature although not specifically in the African population where beta blockers are frequently used as the first-line therapy due to economic and availability issues. This study sought to determine the effect of preserved and preservative-free Timolol eye drops on tear film stability in healthy black Africans.

Materials And Methods: Sixty healthy nondry eye subjects aged 19-25 years were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 15) and differently treated with eye drops of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), preservative-free timolol (PFT), benzalkonium chloride (BAK) only, and BAK-preserved timolol (BPT).

Antitussive, expectorant and analgesic effects of the ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida (Stapf) Th. & H. Durand.

Picralima nitida is used traditionally for management of cough. This study, therefore, investigated the antitussive, expectorant, and analgesic properties of the ethanolic seed extract of Picralima nitida (PNE), and ascertained its safety for use. Presence of secondary metabolites, and safety of PNE (10-2000 mg/kg) were evaluated by preliminary phytochemical screening, and by Irwin's test respectively.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Heliotropium indicum Linn on lipopolysaccharide-induced uveitis in New Zealand white rabbits.

Aim: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of an aqueous whole plant extract of Heliotropium indicum (HIE) on endotoxin-induced uveitis in New Zealand white rabbits.

Methods: Clinical signs of uveitis including flares, iris hyperemia and miosis, were sought for and scored in 1.0 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced uveitic rabbits treated orally with HIE (30-300 mg/kg), prednisolone (30 mg/kg), or normal saline (10 mL/kg).

Anticoagulant effect and safety assessment of an aqueous extract of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) harms and Adenia cissampeloides (Planch. Ex Hook.) harms.

Background: Currently available therapeutic options for thromboembolic disorders are often very expensive and are associated with unfavorable side effects.

Aim: To establish the anticoagulant effect and safety profile of an extract made from of the root bark of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms and the aerial part of Adenia cissampeloides (Planch.

Possible Mechanism of Action of the Antiallergic Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Heliotropium indicum L. in Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis.

Heliotropium indicum is used traditionally as a remedy for conjunctivitis in Ghana. This study therefore evaluated the antiallergic potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of Heliotropium indicum (HIE) in ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis and attempted to predict its mode of action. Clinical scores for allergic conjunctivitis induced by intraperitoneal ovalbumin sensitization (100 : 10 μg OVA/Al(OH)3 in phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) and topical conjunctival challenge (1.

Assessment of an ethanolic seed extract of Picralima nitida ([Stapf] Th. and H. Durand) on reproductive hormones and its safety for use.

Background: Picralima nitida seed extract (PNE) has aphrodisiac and contraceptive effect.

Aim: To investigate the effect of PNE on reproductive hormones.

Materials And Methods: The size and length of the combs of white leghorn day-old chicks treated with testosterone (0.

Anti-glaucoma potential of Heliotropium indicum Linn in experimentally-induced glaucoma.

Background: Heliotropium indicum is used as a traditional remedy for hypertension in Ghana. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-glaucoma potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of H. indicum to manage experimentally-induced glaucoma.

The Claim of Anti-Cataract Potential of Heliotropium indicum: A Myth or Reality?

Introduction: Heliotropium indicum has several uses in traditional medicine attributable to its numerous bioactive compounds. It is used as a traditional remedy for cataracts in Ghana without any scientific verification. This study aimed at verifying the anti-cataract properties of an aqueous whole plant extract of H.

The immunostimulatory and antimicrobial property of two herbal decoctions used in the management of HIV/AIDS in Ghana.

Background: HIV/AIDS is a pandemic retarding economic growth and destroying human capital globally. This study therefore investigated the perceived efficacy of Betula alba (BA) and Sutherlandia frutescens (SF) decoctions used in the management of HIV/AIDS in Ghana.

Materials And Methods: A study on the records of HIV/AIDS patients attending Habibi Herbal Clinic, Kumasi, Ghana, was conducted to obtain information on the initial viral load presented during their maiden visit and results after treatment with the herbal decoctions.

Antiallergic effect of an aqueous leaf extract of Pistia stratiotes in murine model of ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis.

Aim: The aim was to investigate the antiallergic effect of an aqueous leaf extract of Pistia stratiotes (ALPS) in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic conjunctivitis (AC).

Materials And Methods: Prior to topical challenge (instillation of 1.5 mg OVA in 10 μL phosphate buffered saline into their conjunctival sacs) to induce AC, groups of sensitized Imprinting Control Region mice (injected IP, on day 1 and 7, with 0.

Medication safety strategies in hospitals--a systematic review.

Background: Medication safety is an essential component of patient safety in health care delivery. Providing strategies to effectively prevent medication errors and adverse drug events in hospitals has gained international recognition.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to review systematically the research literature on the various interventions for providing medication safety in hospitals.

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of Funtumia elastica.

Context: Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf. (Apocynaceae) has a long ethnopharmacological history for uses such as treatment of whooping cough, asthma, blennorhea, painful menstruation, fungal infections, and wounds.

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem bark of Funtumia elastica based on its ethnopharmacological uses and also determine the secondary metabolites present in the extracts.

Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pterygota macrocarpa and Cola gigantea (Sterculiaceae).

Pterygota macrocarpa and Cola gigantea are African medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of sores, skin infections, and other inflammatory conditions including pains. This study therefore aims at investigating the antimicrobial properties of ethanol leaf and stem bark extracts of P. macrocarpa and C.

Antiarthritic effect of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Pistia stratiotes in adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background: Pistia stratiotes has been used effectively to treat a number of inflammatory conditions. This study aims to determine the antiarthritic effect of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of P. stratiotes.

Error-provoking conditions in the medication use process: the case of a government hospital in Ghana.

Objective: This study aimed to explore error-provoking factors prevalent in hospitals that have the potential to cause medication errors and to create awareness of the existence of medication errors.

Methods: A total of 200 medical folders of in-patients in the health facility were randomly selected and assessed based on a checklist to record potential medication errors. The medication use process and working environment as well as drug packages and labels in the pharmacy were observed, and potential medication errors were documented.