SARS-CoV-2 infection of human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived lung lineage cells evokes inflammatory and chemosensory responses by targeting mitochondrial pathways.

The COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the lung, particularly the proximal airway and distal alveolar cells. NKX2.1+ primordial lung progenitors of the foregut (anterior) endoderm are the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages and are postulated to play an important role in viral tropism.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Asian Indians- Current Status and Moving Forward.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant public health concern in India with high prevalence and associated disability, morbidity, mortality. The progression of COPD is not confined to the lungs but includes extrapulmonary involvement that reduces the functional capacity and quality of life. Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is an evidence-based intervention, targeting multiple domains of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations, and therefore, is recommended as an integral part of COPD management.

A simple x-ray scoring system for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a severe form of post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTBLD). Considering the high burden of TB in India, it can be concluded that the prevalence of CPA is also high. Chest x-ray though most feasible, interpretation is subjective.

Ultrasonographic assessment of skeletal muscle mass and diaphragm function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case-control study.

Background: Although muscle dysfunction is a major contributor to morbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), assessment of skeletal muscle, and diaphragm function is not routinely performed in COPD patients.

Objectives: (1) The aim is to assess muscle dysfunction in COPD by measuring the zone of apposition of diaphragm, diaphragm excursion, thickness of diaphragm, and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA) with ultrasonography.(2) To correlate the above assessments with spirometric parameters; notably forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV).

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a rural population in South India: Feasibility of health care workers to administer level III sleep study.

Objectives: To estimate the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its risk factors in a rural Indian population using screening questionnaire and Level III sleep study. To determine the feasibility to train community health workers to administer Level III sleep study in the high-risk population.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted from seven villages with adult population of 2247, in Mugalur, near Bengaluru, from January to April 2014.

Undiagnosed Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Postoperative Outcomes: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The prevalence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during preoperative evaluation and the best method to screen OSA and its association with postoperative complications remain unclear.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed OSA in preoperative Indian patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the STOP-BANG questionnaire to a preoperative level III sleep study, and to assess the association of OSA with postoperative complications.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 245 consecutive adults with ≥2 risk factors for OSA who underwent noncardiac surgery between July 2011 and February 2013 were studied.

Recurrent spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a young female: Hamman's crunch revisited(†).

Presence of free air in the mediastinum without any identifiable cause is defined as spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM). SPM is more common in young males. The common inciting event leading to SPM are retching, vomiting, acute asthma attack, intense sport activity, inhalation of drugs and weight loss as seen in anorexia nervosa.

Use of pleural fluid ceruloplasmin in the differentiation of exudative and transudative pleural effusion.

Background: Differentiating into transudate or exudate is the first step in the evaluation of effusions. Light's criteria is the standard but a significant number of transudates may not be differentiated based on these criteria. Acute phase proteins (APP) are present in plasma, which increase or decrease by about 25% during an acute inflammatory response.

Chylothorax in gastric adenocarcinoma: A case report and systematic review of the English literature.

Background: Chylothorax is a rare complication of gastric adenocarcinoma and data on its identification, prevalence and outcomes are scant.

Objectives: To enable identification of gastric carcinoma as a cause of chylothorax.

Methods: A case report and a systematic review were conducted of all reported cases of gastric adenocarcinoma with chylothorax as the presenting complaint in the English literature.

Restless legs syndrome in an Indian urban population.

Background: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in India is unknown.

Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the occurrence of RLS in residents of Bangalore. The secondary objective was to correlate demographic and socioeconomic factors with RLS occurrence and severity.

Restless legs syndrome in Indian patients having iron deficiency anemia in a tertiary care hospital.

Background And Purpose: Prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in India is unknown. Up to 25% of Caucasian RLS patients also have iron deficiency. The main objective of the study was to find occurrence of RLS in patients with iron deficiency anemia and compare it to non-anemic healthy people.

Disseminated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient diagnosed on bone marrow.

A 29 year old male drug addict, who was HIV positive presented with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow examination revealed Histoplasma capsulatum confirmed by PAS & GMS stains. However patient had a rapid downhill course with multiorgan failure and died before specific treatment could be instituted.

Study of spirometry and airway reactivity in patients on disulfirm for treatment of alcoholism.

The aim of our study was to examine the short term effect ofdisulfiram on pulmonary functions of alcohol dependent subjects, who were chronic smokers J/Ve compared FEV1 % values on spirometry and airway reactivity to histamine challenge in alcohol dependent subjects at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment with disulfiram. Disulfiram did not significantly alter FEVI values and airway reactivity during the treatment period and can thus be used safely in alcohol dependent subjects who are current smokers.