Efficacy of targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the elderly patient population.

Introduction/background: Targeted therapy has become the mainstay of treatment for mRCC. The efficacy of this therapy in the older population is poorly understood.

Patients And Methods: Data from patients with mRCC treated with first-line anti-VEGF therapy were collected through the International mRCC Database Consortium from 12 centers.

Low-dose ultraviolet B rays alter the mRNA expression of the circadian clock genes in cultured human keratinocytes.

Current understanding of mammalian circadian rhythms suggests that they are regulated by light targeting signaling pathways in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei. Recently, investigators have identified the existence of extraretinal photoreceptors and a potential role for the skin in this regulatory process has been implied. We demonstrated that mRNA of the circadian clock genes Per1, Clock, and bmal1/mop3 are expressed in normal human cultured keratinocytes.