Relationships of the vidian nerve and internal carotid artery: MRI and intraoperative surgical evaluation.

Objective: Skull base anatomy around the internal carotid artery (ICA) is extremely complex. Among anatomical landmarks studied, the vidian canal has been thoroughly evaluated, unlike the vidian nerve (VN). Our aim is to evaluate the VN-ICA relationships, and understand their role in terms of surgical planning.

Salvage endoscopic nasopharyngectomy in locally recurrent carcinoma adjacent to the internal carotid artery-A case report.

Key Clinical Message: In cases adjacent to critical structures, such as the internal carotid artery, surgeons should meticulously explore the feasibility of surgery before declaring the neoplasm unresectable.

Abstract: Salvage treatment for locally recurrent carcinoma of the nasopharynx constitutes a unique challenge. Surgery remains the gold standard treatment modality.

Quality of life outcomes comparing primary Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) with primary radiotherapy for early-stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) and radiotherapy are considered oncologically equivalent primary treatment options for early-stage HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are therefore imperative in supporting clinical decision-making and optimising patient-centred care. The aim of this article is to evaluate how these primary treatment modalities compare in terms of QoL.

Enhancing Frontal Sinus Surgery: Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Free Grafts and Flaps in Draf III Procedures.

The frontal sinus medial drainage -Draf Type III (modified endoscopic Lothrop) procedure, has become a cornerstone in frontal sinus surgery over the last three decades. Despite its widespread acceptance, challenges such as restenosis and neo-ostium closure persist, prompting the exploration of various preventive techniques. In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 111 patients who underwent the Draf III procedure between November 2015 and November 2023, with a mean follow-up period of 3 years and 11 months.

What is the rate of occult nodal metastasis in squamous cell carcinomas of the sinonasal tract? A systematic review.

Objective: The role of elective neck dissection (END) in the management of clinical N0 (cN0) squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the sinonasal tract is unclear. In this systematic review, we evaluate the risk of occult nodal metastasis in sinonasal SCCs with cN0M0 tumors to support clinical decision making.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in the following three electronic databases: Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.

Benign bony lesions of paranasal sinuses and skull base: from osteoma to fibrous dysplasia.

Purpose Of Review: Benign bony lesions of the craniofacial complex are relatively common. However, their location close to critical neurovascular structures may render their treatment, if required, highly challenging.This article reviews the current literature on their pathophysiology, diagnosis, natural course and treatment, with a focus on most recent findings.

Gender, age and location-related factors in academic otolaryngology - the Greek paradigm.

Objective: To map Greek academic otolaryngologists, and assess gender, age and location-related differences in their rank and academic productivity.

Methods: A pre-established database of local and diaspora scientists was used, after adjustment and updating for otolaryngology. The following data were recorded: age, gender, academic rank, country of work, total citations and h-index of December 2022.

Primary Intracranial Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Report of Three Cases.

 Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses host a variety of malignant tumors with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) being the most frequent cancer of salivary gland origin. The histological origin of such tumors virtually precludes primarily intracranial localization. The aim of this study is to report cases of primarily intracranial ACC without evidence of other primary lesions at the end of an exhaustive diagnostic workup.

Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy: A Comparison of Surgical Techniques.

Introduction Nasal obstruction is one of the most frequently reported symptoms in clinical practice. The second most common cause of nasal obstruction is inferior turbinate hypertrophy, a nasal pathology for which surgical treatment is often required. This study aims to determine the most effective surgical method in patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH).

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma: European multicentre case-series and systematic literature review.

Objective: Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a rare low-grade cancer that was included from the 4th edition of WHO classification of head and neck tumours. The purpose of this study is to analyse clinical behaviour, pattern of recurrences and survival outcomes of this neoplasm.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients affected by BSNS who were treated via an endoscopic-assisted approach in 6 European tertiary-care referral hospitals.

Extratemporal facial nerve branching patterns: systematic review of 1497 cases.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the complex anatomy of the extratemporal portion of the facial nerve with an accurate description of the branching patterns based on the Davis classification.

Method: Medline, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Library databases as well as other sources were searched by two independent reviewers.

Results: Analysis of 21 studies with a total of 1497 cases showed that type III is the most common branching pattern accounting for 26.

Endoscopic-assisted transorbital surgery: Where do we stand on the scott's parabola? personal considerations after a 10-year experience.

Transorbital approaches are genuinely versatile surgical routes which show interesting potentials in skull base surgery. Given their "new" trajectory, they can be a very useful adjunct to traditional routes, even being a valid alternative to them in some cases, and add valuable opportunities in selected patients. Indications are constantly expanding, and currently include selected intraorbital, skull base and even intra-axial lesions, both benign and malignant.

Defining the limits and indications of the Draf III endoscopic approach to the lateral frontal sinus and maximizing visualization and maneuverability: a cadaveric and radiological study.

Purpose: The DRAF III procedure has been used for access to the lateralmost part of the frontal sinus. We sought to identify anatomical and radiological measurements as well as modifications that predict the lateral limits of visualization and surgical access after this procedure.

Methods: Seven cadaver heads were imaged with computed tomography scan.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the posterior pharyngeal space.

A 55-year-old man presented with dysphagia and a sore throat. Oral examination revealed a firm nodular mass in the midline of the pharyngeal wall. The tumor was en-bloc excised.

Quality of life in sinonasal tumors: an up-to-date review.

Purpose Of Review: To assess the impact of benign and malignant sinonasal tumors and their management on patients' Quality of Life (QOL) as measured by Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS).

Recent Findings: Although there is a growing consensus that endoscopic surgical management in carefully selected patients with sinonasal tumors is at least as (and probably more) effective than open resection, it is not clear to what extent this translates to better QOL outcomes. Earlier studies reported better outcomes in the emotional and physical function domains after endoscopic resection, and it seems that postsurgical morbidity is less in endoscopic compared to open approaches.

Treatment strategies for inverted papillomas with intracranial or intraorbital involvement.

Objective: Sinonasal inverted papillomas are challenging benign tumours of the nasal cavity because of their high recurrence rates and the lifetime malignant transformation risk of 10 per cent as well as their locally aggressive behaviour. This study aimed to describe treatment strategies for inverted papillomas with intracranial or intraorbital involvement.

Method: This was a prospective case series study of 18 patients with inverted papilloma with intracranial or intraorbital involvement.

Characterization of outcomes and practices utilized in the management of internal carotid artery injury not requiring definitive endovascular management.

Background: After internal carotid artery (ICA) injury during endoscopic skull base surgery, the majority of patients undergo ICA embolization or stenting to treat active extravasation or pseudoaneurysm development. However, management practices when embolization or stenting is not required have not been well described. The objective of this study was to determine how patients with ICA injury but no embolization, stenting, or ligation do long-term and ascertain the reconstruction methods utilized.

Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines.

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of biologicals for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with the standard of care. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs. Critical and important CRSwNP-related outcomes were considered.

Advances in vascularized flaps for skull base reconstruction.

Purpose Of Review: Advances in anterior skull base surgery have resulted in the increasing diversification of reconstructive techniques. New vascularized flaps have been suggested in the last years, some quite similar, whereas new uses and applications have been suggested for some vascularized flaps, which have already established their value over the last decades. In this article, we describe the developments in skull base reconstruction with vascularized flaps and analyse the international experience in the use of vascularized flaps published with a focus on the last 18 months.

Endoscopic Endonasal Prelacrimal Approach: Radiological Considerations, Morbidity, and Outcomes.

Objective/hypothesis: This study describes a multicentric experience with the use of prelacrimal approach (PLA), focusing on preoperative radiological parameters potentially associated with surgical outcomes and postoperative morbidity.

Study Design: Retrospective case-series.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing PLA in three European referral centers was performed.

International Consensus Statement: Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea.

Background: The association between spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak/rhinorrhea and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has been increasingly recognized over the last years. However, considerable variability of opinion regarding the assessment, investigations, and management of patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea remains.

Methods: A consensus group was formed from experts from Europe, Asia, Australia, South and North America.

Correction to: Multiple spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid leaks: some insights from an international retrospective collaborative study.

In the original publication of the article, the following affiliation "Medical school, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus" of the author "Christos Georgalas" was missed and included in this correction.