CT-based radiomic prognostic vector (RPV) predicts survival and stromal histology in high-grade serous ovarian cancer: an external validation study.

Objectives: In women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a CT-based radiomic prognostic vector (RPV) predicted stromal phenotype and survival after primary surgery. The study's purpose was to fully externally validate RPV and its biological correlate.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, ovarian masses on CT scans of HGSOC patients, who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery in an ESGO-certified Center between 2002 and 2017, were segmented for external RPV score calculation and then correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Development and Evaluation of Machine Learning in Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Metastases in Patients With Lung or Colon Cancer: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study.

Objectives: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) has been demonstrated to be efficient and cost-effective for cancer staging. The study aim was to develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm to improve radiologists' sensitivity and specificity for metastasis detection and reduce reading times.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 438 prospectively collected WB-MRI scans from multicenter Streamline studies (February 2013-September 2016) was undertaken.

O-RADS MRI Classification of Indeterminate Adnexal Lesions: Time-Intensity Curve Analysis Is Better Than Visual Assessment.

Background The MRI Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) enables risk stratification of sonographically indeterminate adnexal lesions, partly based on time-intensity curve (TIC) analysis, which may not be universally available. Purpose To compare the diagnostic accuracy of visual assessment with that of TIC assessment of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scans to categorize adnexal lesions as benign or malignant and to evaluate the influence on the O-RADS MRI score. Materials and Methods The European Adnex MR Study Group, or EURAD, database, a prospective multicenter study of women undergoing MRI for indeterminate adnexal lesions between March 2013 and March 2018, was queried retrospectively.

Reliability of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder in patients with sports-related shoulder injuries.

Introduction: The shoulder, a very complex joint, offers a wide range of pathologies. Intraarticular abnormalities and rotator cuff injuries are mainly assessed and diagnosed by magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). In contrast to this well-established gold standard, high-resolution ultrasound (US) offers an additional easy and excellent modality to assess the shoulder joint.

A multiparametric [F]FDG PET/MRI diagnostic model including imaging biomarkers of the tumor and contralateral healthy breast tissue aids breast cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: To develop a multiparametric [F]FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) model for breast cancer diagnosis incorporating imaging biomarkers of breast tumors and contralateral healthy breast tissue.

Methods: In this prospective study and retrospective data analysis, 141 patients (mean 57 years) with an imaging abnormality detected on mammography and/or ultrasound (BI-RADS 4/5) underwent combined multiparametric [F]FDG PET/MRI with PET/computed tomography and multiparametric MRI of the breast at 3 T. Images were evaluated and the following were recorded: for the tumor, BI-RADS descriptors on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI, mean apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADCmean) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) on [F]FDG-PET; and for the contralateral healthy breast, background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) on DCE-MRI, ADCmean on DWI, and SUVmax.

Intra- and inter-observer variability in dependence of T1-time correction for common dynamic contrast enhanced MRI parameters in prostate cancer patients.

Background: Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters are potential biomarkers to characterise tumour vasculature and distinguish it from the non-cancerous blood vessel system within the prostate. However, the inevitable presence of intra- and inter-observer variabilities is challenging in this context. Additionally, pre-contrast T1-time correction is a prerequisite to gain quantitative DCE parameters in the first place.

Diffusion-Weighted MRI of Breast Cancer: Improved Lesion Visibility and Image Quality Using Synthetic b-Values.

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MRI technique with the potential to serve as an unenhanced breast cancer detection tool. Synthetic b-values produce images with high diffusion weighting to suppress residual background signal, while avoiding additional measurement times and reducing artifacts.

Purpose: To compare acquired DWI images (at b = 850 s/mm ) and different synthetic b-values (at b = 1000-2000 s/mm ) in terms of lesion visibility, image quality, and tumor-to-tissue contrast in patients with malignant breast tumors.

Multimodality Imaging of Breast Parenchymal Density and Correlation with Risk Assessment.

Purpose Of Review: Breast density, or the amount of fibroglandular tissue in the breast, has become a recognized and independent marker for breast cancer risk. Public awareness of breast density as a possible risk factor for breast cancer has resulted in legislation for risk stratification purposes in many US states. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the currently available imaging modalities for qualitative and quantitative breast density assessment and the current evidence on breast density and breast cancer risk assessment.

Sequential [F]FDG-[F]FMISO PET and Multiparametric MRI at 3T for Insights into Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Correlation with Patient Outcomes: First Clinical Experience.

The aim of this study was to assess whether sequential multiparametric [F]fluoro-desoxy-glucose ([F]FDG)/[F]fluoromisonidazole ([F]FMISO) PET-MRI in breast cancer patients is possible, facilitates information on tumor heterogeneity, and correlates with prognostic indicators. In this pilot study, IRB-approved, prospective study, nine patients with ten suspicious breast lesions (BIRADS 5) and subsequent breast cancer diagnosis underwent sequential combined [F]FDG/[18F]FMISO PET-MRI. [F]FDG was used to assess increased glycolysis, while [F]FMISO was used to detect tumor hypoxia.

Quantitative Multiparametric Breast Ultrasound: Application of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Elastography Leads to an Improved Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Lesions.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate breast multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) and its potential to reduce unnecessary breast biopsies with 1, 2, or 3 additional quantitative parameters (Doppler, elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound [CEUS]) to B-mode and investigate possible variations with different reader experience.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 124 women (age range, 18-82 years; mean, 52 years), each with 1 new breast lesion, scheduled for ultrasound-guided biopsy between October 2015 and September 2016. Each lesion was examined with B-mode, elastography (Virtual Touch IQ [VTIQ]), Doppler, and CEUS, and different quantitative parameters were recorded for each modality.

Impact of Machine Learning With Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast for Early Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of machine learning with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for the early prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and of survival outcomes in breast cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: This institutional review board-approved prospective study included 38 women (median age, 46.5 years; range, 25-70 years) with breast cancer who were scheduled for NAC and underwent mpMRI of the breast at 3 T with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and T2-weighted imaging before and after 2 cycles of NAC.

Density and tailored breast cancer screening: practice and prediction - an overview.

Mammography, as the primary screening modality, has facilitated a substantial decrease in breast cancer-related mortality in the general population. However, the sensitivity of mammography for breast cancer detection is decreased in women with higher breast densities, which is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. With increasing public awareness of the implications of a high breast density, there is an increasing demand for supplemental screening in these patients.

Quantitative Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Derived From Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Has the Potential to Avoid Unnecessary MRI-Guided Biopsies of mpMRI-Detected PI-RADS 4 and 5 Lesions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of diffusion-weighted imaging-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements to obviate unnecessary biopsies in multiparametric MRI-detected PI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, institutional review board-approved study investigated 101 PI-RADS 4 and 5 prostate lesions (52 malignant, 49 benign) verified by in-bore MRI-guided biopsy in 101 men (mean age, 62.8 years).

Potential of Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Characterization of Breast Lesions: Intraindividual Comparison With Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (NC-MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in characterization of breast lesions in comparison to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) at 3 T.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with conventional imaging (mammography, ultrasound) BI-RADS 4/5 findings were included in this institutional review board-approved single-center study. All underwent 3 T breast MRI including readout-segmented DWI, DCE, and T2-weighted sequences.

3D T2-weighted imaging to shorten multiparametric prostate MRI protocols.

Objectives: To determine whether 3D acquisitions provide equivalent image quality, lesion delineation quality and PI-RADS v2 performance compared to 2D acquisitions in T2-weighted imaging of the prostate at 3 T.

Methods: This IRB-approved, prospective study included 150 consecutive patients (mean age 63.7 years, 35-84 years; mean PSA 7.

MRI in the Assessment of BI-RADS® 4 lesions.

The American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, which is used ubiquitously to standardize reporting of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provides 7 BI-RADS assessment categories to indicate the level of suspicion of malignancy and guide further management. A BI-RADS category 4 assessment is assigned when an imaging abnormality does not fulfill the typical criteria for malignancy, but is suspicious enough to warrant a recommendation for biopsy. The BI-RADS category 4 assessment covers a wide range of probability of malignancy, from >2 to <95%.

Differentiation of Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma from Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Cirrhotic Liver Using Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging features to differentiate between mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic livers.

Materials And Methods: This study, performed between 2001 and 2013, included 64 baseline magnetic resonance imaging examinations with pathohistologically proven liver cirrhosis, presenting with either ICC (n = 32) or HCC (n = 32) tumors. To distinguish ICC form HCC tumors, 20 qualitative single-lesion descriptors were evaluated by two readers, in consensus, and statistically classified using the chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) methodology.

Accuracy of fully automated, quantitative, volumetric measurement of the amount of fibroglandular breast tissue using MRI: correlation with anthropomorphic breast phantoms.

To demonstrate the accuracy of fully automated, quantitative, volumetric measurement of the amount of fibroglandular breast tissue (FGT), using MRI, and to investigate the impact of different MRI sequences using anthropomorphic breast phantoms as the ground truth. In this study, 10 anthropomorphic breast phantoms that consisted of different known fractions of adipose and protein tissue, which closely resembled normal breast parenchyma, were developed. Anthropomorphic breast phantoms were imaged with a 1.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of breast lesions: Region-of-interest placement and different ADC parameters influence apparent diffusion coefficient values.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of region-of-interest (ROI) placement and different apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters on ADC values, diagnostic performance, reproducibility and measurement time in breast tumours.

Methods: In this IRB-approved, retrospective study, 149 histopathologically proven breast tumours (109 malignant, 40 benign) in 147 women (mean age 53.2) were investigated.

Quantitative Assessment of Breast Parenchymal Uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT: Correlation with Age, Background Parenchymal Enhancement, and Amount of Fibroglandular Tissue on MRI.

Unlabelled: Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and the amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) assessed with MRI have been implicated as sensitive imaging biomarkers for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess breast parenchymal uptake (BPU) on F-FDG PET/CT as another valuable imaging biomarker and examine its correlation with BPE, FGT, and age.

Methods: This study included 129 patients with suspected breast cancer and normal imaging findings in one breast (BI-RADS 1), whose cases were retrospectively analyzed.

Influence of fat-water separation and spatial resolution on automated volumetric MRI measurements of fibroglandular breast tissue.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fat-water separation and spatial resolution in MRI on the results of automated quantitative measurements of fibroglandular breast tissue (FGT). Ten healthy volunteers (age range, 28-71 years; mean, 39.9 years) were included in this Institutional Review Board-approved prospective study.

MR-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy of MRI-only lesions: a single center experience.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare three different biopsy devices on false-negative and underestimation rates in MR-guided, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) of MRI-only lesions.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study was IRB-approved. Informed consent was waived.