PEG-induced physiological drought for screening winter wheat genotypes sensitivity - integrated biochemical and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis.

This study aimed to screen different winter wheat genotypes at the onset of metabolic changes induced by water deficit to comprehend possible adaptive features of photosynthetic apparatus function and structure to physiological drought. The drought treatment was the most influential variable affecting plant growth and relative water content, and genotype variability determined with what intensity varieties of winter wheat seedlings responded to water deficit. PEG-induced drought, as expected, changed phenomenological energy fluxes and the efficiency with which an electron is transferred to final PSI acceptors.

Phenolic Acid Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Major Cereal Crops.

Phenolic acids (PAs) are a dominant group of phenolic compounds in cereals, existing mostly bound to compounds of cell wall. In this study, a total of 25 cereal grain samples, including wheat, winter and spring barley, corn, and popcorn, were evaluated for bound PAs and antioxidant activity in a two-year field trial. The PA contents, determined by HPLC, were significantly affected by cereal type.

Multiple Fungal Metabolites Including Mycotoxins in Naturally Infected and -Inoculated Wheat Samples.

In this study, the occurrence of multiple fungal metabolites including mycotoxins was determined in four different winter wheat varieties in a field experiment in Croatia. One group was naturally infected, while the second group was inoculated with a and mixture to simulate a worst-case infection scenario. Data on the multiple fungal metabolites including mycotoxins were acquired with liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) multi-(myco)toxin method.

Changes in Antioxidant System during Grain Development of Wheat ( L.) and Relationship with Protein Composition under FHB Stress.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is found in both temperate and semi-tropical regions and causes losses in wheat ( L.) resulting in reduced yield, deteriorated grain quality, and contamination of the grains with mycotoxins, primarily deoxynivalenol (DON). In this study, we focused on the identification of protein components in -inoculated and non-inoculated wheat samples along with the major antioxidant enzymes that can encounter during FHB infection process in six winter wheat varieties when FHB symptoms started to occur.

Changes in Protein Composition in the Grain and Malt after Fusarium Infection Dependently of Wheat Resistance.

The grain yield, as well as the quality and safety of the wheat grains and corresponding malt can be compromised by spp. infection. The protein content of the grain affects the chemical composition and enzyme levels of the finished malt.

The Pressure of Fusarium Disease and Its Relation with Mycotoxins in The Wheat Grain and Malt.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat fungal diseases, causing yield loss, quality reduction, and accumulation of mycotoxins. The aim of this research was to summarize the occurrence of major mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) in two consecutive years to search the relationship between disease incidence and severity with mycotoxins found in control and inoculated grains and corresponding malt. In addition, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) in one-year research was measured.

Performance Indices in Wheat Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Protein Quality Influenced by FHB.

Very little is known about the physiological interactions between wheat quality and Fusarium head blight (FHB), which substantially reduces wheat grain yield and quality worldwide. In order to investigate stress-induced changes in flag leaves from plants artificially inoculated with , we screened for chlorophyll fluorescence transient at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Our results indicate that the maximum quantum yield of photochemistry (F/F) and the performance index (PI) were not affected by FHB, but there were significant differences in those two traits between different varieties and measurement times.

Characterizing Croatian Wheat Germplasm Diversity and Structure in a European Context by DArT Markers.

Narrowing the genetic base available for future genetic progress is a major concern to plant breeders. In order to avoid this, strategies to characterize and protect genetic diversity in regional breeding pools are required. In this study, 89 winter wheat cultivars released in Croatia between 1936 and 2006 were genotyped using 1,229 DArT (diversity array technology) markers to assess the diversity and population structure.