Unraveling Serial Degradation Pathways of Supported Catalysts through Reliable Electrochemical Liquid-Cell TEM Analysis.

Electrochemical liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (e-LCTEM) offers great potential for investigating the structural dynamics of nanomaterials during electrochemical reactions. However, challenges arise from the difficulty in achieving the optimal electrolyte thickness, leading to inconsistent electrochemical responses and limited spatial resolution. In this study, we present advanced e-LCTEM techniques tailored for tracking Pt/C degradation under electrochemical polarization at short intervals with high spatial resolution.

Activity-Drop of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in LiNO Based "Hydronium-in-Salt" Acidic Electrolytes on Platinum Enables Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) involves multiple hydrogenation and deoxygenation steps, which compete with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Therefore, NORR driven in acidic media is challenging in spite of advantageous fast hydrogen transfers in its elementary steps. The findings presented in this article first demonstrate that the NORR is significantly activated even in acidic lithium nitrate solutions at LiNO concentrations exceeding 6 m on a Pt electrode (the highly effective catalyst for HER) by the formation of a "hydronium-in-salt" electrolyte (HISE), a new type of aqueous high concentration salt electrolyte.

Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) Type Shifts Toward Constitutional Varus with Increasing Kellgren and Lawrence Grade: A Radiographic Analysis of 17,365 Knees.

Background: Studies investigating constitutional alignment across various grades of osteoarthritis (OA) are limited. This study explored the distribution of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) types and associated radiographic parameters with increasing OA severity.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 17,365 knees were analyzed using deep learning software for radiographic measurements.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Decrease Medical and Surgical Complications in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Primary TKA.

Background: Weight optimization methods in morbidly obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥40 kg/m2 undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have shown mixed results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 undergoing primary TKA.

Methods: Using an administrative claims database, patients with morbid obesity undergoing primary TKA were stratified into GLP-1 RA use for 3 months before and after the surgical procedure (treatment group) and GLP-1 RA non-use (control group), and were matched on the basis of patient age, gender, diagnosis of type-2 diabetes mellitus, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).

Effective Bone Tissue Fabrication Using 3D-Printed Citrate-Based Nanocomposite Scaffolds Laden with BMP9-Stimulated Human Urine Stem Cells.

Effective repair of large bone defects through bone tissue engineering (BTE) remains an unmet clinical challenge. Successful BTE requires optimal and synergistic interactions among biocompatible scaffolds, osteogenic factors, and osteoprogenitors to form a highly vascularized microenvironment for bone regeneration and osseointegration. We sought to develop a highly effective BTE system by using 3D printed citrate-based mPOC/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites laden with BMP9-stimulated human urine stem cells (USCs).

Associations between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk through mammographic breast density in a cohort of Korean women.

Background: Mammographic breast density has been suggested to play a role as a mediator between the risk factors for breast cancer (BC) and BC risk. We investigated the extent to which never breastfeeding is a risk factor for BC and how this risk is further mediated by increased mammographic breast density.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 4 136 723 women aged ≥40 years who underwent mammographic screening between 2009 and 2010 and were followed up until 31 December 2020.

Optimal Sensor Placement for Motion Tracking of Soft Wearables Using Bayesian Sampling.

Soft sensors integrated or attached to robots or human bodies enable rapid and accurate estimation of the physical states of the target systems, including position, orientation, and force. While the use of a number of sensors enhances precision and reliability in estimation, it may constrain the movement of the target system or make the entire system complex and bulky. This article proposes a rapid, efficient framework for determining where to place the sensors on the system given the limited number of available sensors.

Targeted degradation of oncogenic KRASG12V triggers antitumor immunity in lung cancer models.

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, with G12C and G12V being the most predominant forms. Recent breakthroughs in KRASG12C inhibitors have transformed the clinical management of patients with G12C mutation and advanced our understanding of its function. However, little is known about the targeted disruption of KRASG12V, partly due to a lack of specific inhibitors.

Safety of current treatments for advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) originates from the biliary epithelium of the small ducts within the liver (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, IHCC), the main ducts of the hilum (extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, EHCC), or in the gallbladder (gallbladder cancer, GC). Due to presentation with nonspecific symptoms as well as absence of screening, most patients present with advanced disease and unfavorable prognosis.

Areas Covered: The ABC-02 trial established the current first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine/platinum for advanced BTC in 2010.

Incidence and outcomes of subsequent malignancy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult patients with severe aplastic anemia.

Purpose: This study investigated the occurrence of subsequent malignancies (SM) in adult patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to address the lack of large-scale, long-term data on this complication.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of 376 adult patients with SAA who underwent allo-HSCT between 2002 and 2021 at a single center was conducted. The incidence, risk factors, and survival impact of SM were also examined.

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is broadly expressed in the different pluripotent states of human pluripotent stem cells and regulates the expression of pluripotency genes and three germ layer markers.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have at least three distinct states: naïve pluripotency that represents the cellular states of the pre-implantation epiblast cells, primed pluripotency that represents the cellular states of the post-implantation epiblast cells, and formative pluripotency that represents a developmental continuum between naïve and primed pluripotency. Various cell surface markers have been used to define and analyze primed and naïve hPSCs within heterogeneous populations. However, not much is known about common cell surface markers for the different pluripotent states of hPSCs.

R290-Hydrofluoroolefin based low global warming potential refrigerant mixtures for room air conditioner: An energy, exergy, and environmental (3E) analysis.

Among the numerous residential appliances, window or split air conditioners are the most prevalent. The hydrochlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants used in those systems are causing a serious threat to the environment. In this study, R290-hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) mixtures are proposed as replacements for high-GWP substances (R410A and R22) in window air conditioning (WAC) units.

Taxonomic and genomic characterization of a siderophore-producing bacterium, Rhodoligotrophos ferricapiens sp. nov isolated from lettuce cultivation soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, coccus-shaped, and red-pigmented bacterial strain designated as CJ14 was isolated from lettuce cultivation soil in Yong-In, South Korea. Strain CJ14 grew optimally on Luria-Bertani agar at 37 ℃ and pH 7.0 in the absence of NaCl.

Postoperative outcome of screw fixation with autogenous bone grafting for the management of hallux sesamoid fracture nonunion.

Introduction: Although sesamoid-preserving procedures have been attempted to complement sesamoidectomy for hallux sesamoid fracture nonunion, few reports document the results. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to review the outcomes of patients with hallux sesamoid fracture nonunion who underwent screw fixation with autogenous bone grafting.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent surgery between January 2013 and September 2022 were reviewed.

Covert Critical Illness Encephalopathy: Impairments That Escape Detection by Guideline Recommended, Protocolized Assessments.

Objectives: To determine whether cognitive impairments of important severity escape detection by guideline-recommended delirium and encephalopathy screening instruments in critically ill patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study with random patient sampling.

Setting: ICUs of a large referral hospital with protocols implementing the Society of Critical Care Medicine's ICU Liberation Bundle.

Validation of the Korean Version of the Pain-related Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (PBAS) scale Among Patients with Chronic Pain.

Objectives: We assessed the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Pain-related Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (PBAS) scale among patients with chronic pain. Furthermore, we investigated whether pan-related dysfunctional beliefs about sleep mediate the relationship between sleep severity and pain.

Methods: Overall, 100 participants with chronic pain were recruited using an anonymous online survey.

Autocatalytic Ceria Nanoparticle-Embedded Tilapia Collagen Hydrogels as Enhanced Antioxidative and Long-Lasting Dermal Fillers for Photoaged Skin.

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation significantly contribute to photoaging by increasing the level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), accelerating collagen degradation. Commercial dermal fillers offer temporary wrinkle reduction via volume enhancement. In this study, we propose tilapia-derived collagen hydrogels embedded with ceria nanoparticles (Ce@Col gels) as long-lasting dermal fillers for UVB-induced photoaging.

Growth of the metal-organic framework ZIF-67 on cellulosic substrates for triboelectric nanogenerators.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials with a metal ion coordinated to a ligand molecule. Recently, MOFs are being explored extensively for energy harvesting triboelectrification. However, the majority of MOFs are brittle and hard to grow, thus leading to poor device stability and flexibility.

Life course social mobility and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in India: Exploring heterogeneity by gender.

This study investigates the link between life course social mobility and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in India, specifically emphasizing whether upward and downward mobility exerts symmetric associations and potential gender heterogeneity within these associations. Leveraging data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India 2017-2018, encompassing 64,710 individuals aged 45 years or above, we classified social mobility as 'consistently high,' 'upward mobility,' 'downward mobility,' and 'consistently low,' based on socioeconomic position during childhood and late adulthood. Multivariable regression and gender-interaction analyses were employed to assess associations.

Risk of extrahepatic malignancies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: a nationwide cohort study.

Introduction: Nationwide, population-based data on the risk of extrahepatic malignancy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in Asian countries are scarce. This study aimed to examine the risk of developing extrahepatic malignancies in a nationwide cohort of patients with AIH.

Methods: Using claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, patients diagnosed with AIH between 2007 and 2019 (n=7,382) were matched in a 1:8 ratio with an age- and sex-matched control population (n=58,320).

Ionic Diode-Based Drug Delivery System.

Drug delivery systems hold promise for delivering cytotoxic drugs by controlling the timing and location of the drug release. However, conventional delivery mechanisms often fall short of achieving spatiotemporally controlled yet sustained release, which is crucial for ensuring drug efficacy and minimizing impact on surrounding tissues. Here, an ionic diode-based drug delivery system is reported that is controlled by an electric potential and capable of releasing drugs at scales ranging from nanogram to microgram.

Versatile LaCoNiO Nanofiber Membrane for High Performance Oxygen Electrocatalysis over a Wide Temperature Range.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key processes in numerous oxygen-involved applications over a wide temperature range. Despite advances in nanofiber engineering to increase active site density and catalytic efficiency for ORR/OER, conventional electrode fabrication methods often compromise the integrity of nanofibrous structures. Herein, a robust strategy is presented for the fabrication of LaCoNiO (LCN) nanofibrous membranes using optimized electrospinning techniques.

Long-Term Outcomes of Neoadjuvant IntraArterial Chemotherapy for Locally Invasive Lacrimal Gland Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma.

Purpose: There is no current standard treatment regimen for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) of the lacrimal gland. Neoadjuvant intraarterial cytoreductive chemotherapy (IACC) followed by multimodal therapy has achieved good locoregional control in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. We reviewed our experience with neoadjuvant IACC followed by multimodal therapy for CXPA of the lacrimal gland.

Impact of CYP2C19 Phenotype on Escitalopram Response in Geriatrics: Based on Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Clinical Observation.

Escitalopram is commonly prescribed for depressive and anxiety disorders in elderly patients, who often show variable drug responses and face higher risks of side effects due to age-related changes in organ function. The CYP2C19 polymorphism may further affect escitalopram pharmacokinetics in elderly patients, complicating dose optimization for this group. Previous pharmacogenetic studies examining the impact of CYP2C19 phenotype on escitalopram treatment outcomes have primarily focused on younger adults, leaving a gap in understanding its effects on the elderly.