Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Modulate Macrophage Phenotypes and Inflammatory Interactions in Pulpal and Periodontal Tissues.

Inflammation significantly influences cellular communication in the oral environment, impacting tissue repair and regeneration. This study explores the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) in modulating macrophage polarization and osteoblast differentiation. SCAPs were treated with LPS for 24 h, and sEVs from untreated (SCAP-sEVs) and LPS-treated SCAP (LPS-SCAP-sEVs) were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing.

WGS Revealed Novel Pathogenic Variants, Missed by WES, Causing Ciliary Structure and Function Defects.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy that affects multiple organs, leading to retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, obesity, renal anomalies, cognitive impairment, and hypogonadism. Until now, biallelic pathogenic variants have been identified in at least 24 genes delineating the genetic heterogeneity of BBS. Among those, is a minor contributor to the mutation load and is one of the eight subunits forming the BBSome, a protein complex implied in protein trafficking within the cilia.

The AnnotSV webserver in 2023: updated visualization and ranking.

Much of the human genetics variant repertoire is composed of single nucleotide variants (SNV) and small insertion/deletions (indel) but structural variants (SV) remain a major part of our modified DNA. SV detection has often been a complex question to answer either because of the necessity to use different technologies (array CGH, SNP array, Karyotype, Optical Genome Mapping…) to detect each category of SV or to get an appropriate resolution (Whole Genome Sequencing). Thanks to the deluge of pangenomic analysis, Human geneticists are accumulating SV and their interpretation remains time consuming and challenging.

In vitro phenotypic effects of Lipoxin A4 on M1 and M2 polarized macrophages derived from THP-1.

Background: Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator involved in the resolution phase of inflammation that is crucial for the return of tissues to homeostasis, healing, and regenerative processes. LXA4 can modify the microenvironment via its receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) and thus modulate the inflammatory response. However, the effect of exogeneous LXA4 application on polarized macrophages remains unstudied.

New insights into the role of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in bone.

The Matrix Metalloproteinases are important regulators of bone metabolism and can influence bone mass and bone remodeling. We investigate the role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) on bone in mice, by using knockout ( KO) in the context of estrogen deficiency, and in human, by analyzing the association of promoter polymorphism with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and with MMP3 expression. We presented evidence in this paper that KO significantly increases trabecular bone mass and trabecular number and does not affect cortical bone thickness.

Engineering siderophore production in Pseudomonas to improve asbestos weathering.

Iron plays a key role in microbial metabolism and bacteria have developed multiple siderophore-driven mechanisms due to its poor bioavailability for organisms in the environment. Iron-bearing minerals generally serve as a nutrient source to sustain bacterial growth after bioweathering. Siderophores are high-affinity ferric iron chelators, of which the biosynthesis is tightly regulated by the presence of iron.

Interleukin-33 Deficiency Exacerbates Bone Loss Associated with Porphyromonas Gingivalis-Induced Experimental Periodontitis in Female Mice.

Background/aims: Interleukin 33 (IL-33) plays a significant role in immunity but its role in bone physiology and periodontitis needs to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to decipher the contribution of IL-33 to bone homeostasis under physiological conditions, and to alveolar bone loss associated with experimental periodontitis (EP) in IL-33 knockout (KO) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates.

Methods: The bone phenotype of IL-33 KO mice was studied in the maxilla, femur, and fifth lumbar vertebra by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in endodontics: a narrative review.

Endodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues. Human dental pulp is a highly dynamic tissue equipped with a network of resident immunocompetent cells that play major roles in the defense against pathogens and during tissue injury. However, the efficiency of these mechanisms during dental pulp inflammation (pulpitis) varies due to anatomical and physiological restrictions.

An Extrudable Partially Demineralized Allogeneic Bone Paste Exhibits a Similar Bone Healing Capacity as the "Gold Standard" Bone Graft.

Autologous bone grafts (BGs) remain the reference grafting technique in various clinical contexts of bone grafting procedures despite their numerous peri- and post-operative limitations. The use of allogeneic bone is a viable option for overcoming these limitations, as it is reliable and it has been widely utilized in various forms for decades. However, the lack of versatility of conventional allogeneic BGs (e.

Osteomorphs as a tool for personalized medicine.

McDonald and colleagues reported osteoclast-related dynamic mechanisms that lead, by fission, to osteomorphs; motile, fusion-competent cells capable of forming bone-resorbing osteoclasts. scRNA-seq analyses revealed that osteomorphs are transcriptionally distinct from osteoclasts and macrophages and might be implicated in rare and common bone diseases in humans.

Periodontal (formerly type VIII) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Description of 13 novel cases and expansion of the clinical phenotype.

Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (pEDS) is a rare condition caused by pathogenic variants in the C1R and C1S genes, encoding subunits C1r and C1s of the first component of the classical complement pathway. It is characterized by early-onset periodontitis with premature tooth loss, pretibial hyperpigmentation and skin fragility. Rare arterial complications have been reported, but venous insufficiency is rarely described.

A partially demineralized allogeneic bone graft: in vitro osteogenic potential and preclinical evaluation in two different intramembranous bone healing models.

In skeletal surgical procedures, bone regeneration in irregular and hard-to-reach areas may present clinical challenges. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional autologous bone grafts and bone substitutes, an extrudable and easy-to-handle innovative partially demineralized allogenic bone graft in the form of a paste has been developed. In this study, the regenerative potential of this paste was assessed and compared to its clinically used precursor form allogenic bone particles.

Curdlan-Chitosan Electrospun Fibers as Potential Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration.

Polysaccharides have received a lot of attention in biomedical research for their high potential as scaffolds owing to their unique biological properties. Fibrillar scaffolds made of chitosan demonstrated high promise in tissue engineering, especially for skin. As far as bone regeneration is concerned, curdlan (1,3-β-glucan) is particularly interesting as it enhances bone growth by helping mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, by favoring their differentiation into osteoblasts and by limiting the osteoclastic activity.

The pathogen optimizes the production of the siderophore pyochelin upon environmental challenges.

Siderophores are iron chelators produced by bacteria to access iron, an essential nutrient. The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces two siderophores, pyoverdine and pyochelin, the former with a high affinity for iron and the latter with a lower affinity. Furthermore, the production of both siderophores involves a positive auto-regulatory loop: the presence of the ferri-siderophore complex is essential for their large production.

A Review of Asbestos Bioweathering by Siderophore-Producing : A Potential Strategy of Bioremediation.

Asbestos, silicate minerals present in soil and used for building constructions for many years, are highly toxic due primarily to the presence of high concentrations of the transition metal iron. Microbial weathering of asbestos occurs through various alteration mechanisms. Siderophores, complex agents specialized in metal chelation, are common mechanisms described in mineral alteration.

A BBS1 SVA F retrotransposon insertion is a frequent cause of Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, polydactyly, cognitive impairment and renal failure. Pathogenic variants in 24 genes account for the molecular basis of >80% of cases. Toward saturated discovery of the mutational basis of the disorder, we carefully explored our cohorts and identified a hominid-specific SINE-R/VNTR/Alu type F (SVA-F) insertion in exon 13 of BBS1 in eight families.

Biodeterioration of asbestos cement by siderophore-producing Pseudomonas.

Since the ban on the use of asbestos due to its carcinogenic properties, the removal of asbestos cement, representing the major asbestos-containing waste, has proven to be a challenge in most industrial countries. Asbestos-containing products are mainly disposed of in landfills and have remained untreated. Bioremediation involving bacteria previously reported the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to release iron from flocking asbestos waste through a siderophore-driven mechanism.

Efficiency of pyoverdines in iron removal from flocking asbestos waste: An innovative bacterial bioremediation strategy.

The use of asbestos-containing products has been banned in many countries since the beginning of the 80's due to its carcinogenic properties. However, asbestos is widely present in private and public buildings, resulting in the need to process a vast amount of asbestos-containing waste. Among the current technologies for the destruction of asbestos fibers, biodegradation by fungi, lichens, and, more recently, bacteria has been described.

Flocking asbestos waste, an iron and magnesium source for Pseudomonas.

Iron and magnesium are essential nutrients for most microorganisms. In the environment, the availability of iron is low relative to that of magnesium. Microorganisms have developed various iron acquisition systems, which have been well studied, whereas few studies have examined magnesium acquisition.

IL-36γ is a pivotal inflammatory player in periodontitis-associated bone loss.

Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease due to the host response (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A) to oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. The newer members of the IL-1 family, IL-36s (IL-36α/IL-36β/IL-36γ/IL-36Ra/IL-38) are known to be involved in host defense against P. gingivalis in oral epithelial cells (OECs) and are considered as key inflammatory mediators in chronic diseases.

Iron removal from raw asbestos by siderophores-producing Pseudomonas.

Asbestos, mineral present in soil, are highly toxic due to the presence of iron. Microbes-mineral interactions occur naturally through various processes leading to their alteration. We examined the effect of siderophore-producing Pseudomonas with a particular focus on the role of pyoverdine and pyochelin on raw asbestos fibers such as amosite, crocidolite and chrysotile.

Novel IQCE variations confirm its role in postaxial polydactyly and cause ciliary defect phenotype in zebrafish.

Polydactyly is one of the most frequent inherited defects of the limbs characterized by supernumerary digits and high-genetic heterogeneity. Among the many genes involved, either in isolated or syndromic forms, eight have been implicated in postaxial polydactyly (PAP). Among those, IQCE has been recently identified in a single consanguineous family.

Dynamics of a methanol-fed marine denitrifying biofilm: 1-Impact of environmental changes on the denitrification and the co-occurrence of and .

Background: The biofilm of a methanol-fed denitrification system that treated a marine effluent is composed of multi-species microorganisms, among which strain NL23 and strain JAM1 are the principal bacteria involved in the denitrifying activities. Here, we report the capacity of the denitrifying biofilm to sustain environmental changes, and the impact of these changes on the co-occurrence of and .

Methods: In a first set of assays, the original biofilm (OB) was cultivated in an artificial seawater (ASW) medium under anoxic conditions to colonize new carriers.