Increasing providers' PrEP prescription for Black cisgender women: A qualitative study to improve provider knowledge and competency via PrEP training.

Background: Awareness and uptake of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains low among Black/African American cisgender women, partly due to low self-reported PrEP knowledge and comfort among primary care providers. Ensuring providers are trained on PrEP is crucial, as increased PrEP knowledge is associated with higher rates of PrEP prescription.

Objective: We aimed to develop a PrEP training for providers to improve their self-efficacy in discussing and prescribing PrEP for Black women, with the ultimate goal of increasing PrEP awareness and utilization among Black women.

HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents the most significant breakthrough in the HIV prevention field over the past decade. PrEP is an effective strategy in preventing the transmission of HIV across all populations, providing high adherence. The current PrEP options include oral daily and on-demand tenofovir-based regimens, long-acting injections of cabotegravir, and a 1-month dapivirine vaginal ring.

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services, provision, and delivery in the European treatment network of HIV, hepatitis and global emerging infectious diseases (NEAT ID).

Objectives: We conducted a survey to evaluate HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) practices in a European clinical research network on HIV, hepatitis, and global infectious diseases (NEAT ID).

Methods: An online survey comprising 22 questions was sent via a secure electronic tool to the investigating physician of each of the 342 NEAT ID study centres across 15 European countries in November 2020.

Results: In total, 50 sites from 12 countries responded (15% response rate).

Adapting Provider Training and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Advertising to Increase Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Uptake Among Black Cisgender Women.

Black cisgender women (hereafter referred to as "women") have disproportionately high rates of HIV infection yet low rates of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) utilization. Barriers to PrEP uptake exist at the system, provider, and individual/client level. To learn how existing training and advertising can be adapted to address race- and sex-based gaps within PrEP service delivery, we conducted focus groups with providers and Black women.

Brief Report: Incidence and Management of Complex Kidney Situations Among On-Demand and Daily HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users.

Background: We evaluated complex pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) situations linked to kidney issues in a cohort of on-demand and daily PrEP users.

Setting: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study in France including all PrEP users who received a tenofovir disoproxil (TD)-emtricitabine (FTC) prescription between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 with at least 1 creatinine measurement available before and after PrEP initiation.

Methods: A complex kidney situation (CKS) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/minute/1.

Atypical presentation of pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review.

Background: is one of the most common pathogens responsible for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary diseases, which are associated with poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients.

Case Presentation: We report the unusual case of a 44-year-old kidney transplant recipient with multiple pulmonary nodules revealing pulmonary disease with atypical presentation. A three drug-regimen containing moxifloxacin, ethambutol and azithromycin was prescribed, with careful monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy.

Long-acting injectable cabotegravir for PrEP: A game-changer in HIV prevention?

Background: Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) represents a new additional option for HIV prevention in people at substantial risk of HIV infection that may fill the gaps in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake, adherence, and retention in users having difficulty with oral PrEP. Data from clinical trials demonstrated that CAB-LA was safe, highly effective, and well-accepted for HIV prevention. However, the occurrence of breakthrough HIV infections despite timely injections, HIV seroconversion timing and patterns, risk of selection and dissemination of resistance-associated mutations to integrase inhibitors, complexity of follow-up, logistical considerations, and its cost effectiveness compared with oral PrEP constitute significant issues for the integration of CAB-LA into clinical routine.

Impact on renal function of daily and on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in the ANRS-PREVENIR study.

Objectives: To assess the impact on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of different tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine dosing regimens for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Patients And Methods: We included in the study individuals with baseline eGFR > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 who initiated PrEP in the ongoing ANRS-PREVENIR PrEP cohort.

Daily and on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil (ANRS PREVENIR): a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: There are few data available regarding the use of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. We aimed to assess PrEP effectiveness, adherence, and safety in adults using daily or on-demand PrEP.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study (ANRS PREVENIR) at 26 sites in the Paris region, France.

Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil - emtricitabine for HIV preexposure prophylaxis in adults.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on the safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabine (FTC) combination for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in adults.

Recent Findings: Gastrointestinal adverse events are common after treatment initiation but usually resolve within weeks. Although clinical trials did not report an increased risk of serious renal adverse events or tubulopathy, meta-analyses suggest that tenofovir disoproxil -FTC is associated with a slight but non-clinically relevant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Proximal tubular dysfunction in pregnant women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus.

Background: Data evaluating the risk of proximal tubular dysfunction in women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HBV are scarce.

Objectives: To assess the risk of proximal tubulopathy in pregnant women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for PMTCT of HBV.

Patients And Methods: We used urine samples collected from HBV monoinfected pregnant women who participated in a Phase III, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate short course from 28 weeks gestational age (28-wk-GA) to 2 months post-partum (2-months-PP) for PMTCT of HBV in Thailand.

Estimated pill intake with on-demand PrEP with oral TDF/FTC using TFV-DP concentration in dried blood spots in the ANRS IPERGAY trial.

Background: Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentration in dried blood spots (DBSs) is a reliable pharmacokinetics biomarker of adherence to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). We aimed to use DBSs to estimate pill intake among participants using on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and to identify predictive factors associated with higher TFV-DP concentrations.

Methods: DBSs were collected at the last study visit of the open-label phase of the ANRS IPERGAY study, assessing on-demand oral TDF/emtricitabine for PrEP among MSM and transgender female participants.

Primary HIV-1 infection in users of pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven to be a highly effective and safe way to prevent HIV infection. Seroconversion and primary HIV infection are exceptional if adherence to PrEP is good. However, primary HIV infection while using PrEP can occur, albeit rarely, and HIV drug resistance might develop.

Changes in kidney function among men having sex with men starting on demand tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - emtricitabine for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Introduction: Daily pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) is associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We assessed the renal safety of on-demand PrEP with TDF/FTC in HIV-1 uninfected men.

Methods: We used data from the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled ANRS-IPERGAY trial and its open-label extension conducted between February 2012 and June 2016 among HIV-uninfected MSM starting on-demand PrEP.

Long term renal function in Asian HIV-1 infected adults receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate without protease inhibitors.

Objectives: The risk of kidney dysfunction on the WHO recommended first line regimens containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) without protease inhibitors (PI) remains unclear in Asian patients, especially those with low body weight.

Methods: Using data collected in a multicenter clinical trial in Thailand and proportional hazard regression models, we compared the risk of a >25% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction in HIV naïve patients initiating TDF or zidovudine (AZT) containing non-PI regimen.

Results: Of 640 patients included in the analysis, 461 (72%) received a TDF-containing regimen for a median 6.

Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Outcome of Encephalitis in French Guiana.

The aim of our study was to describe the clinical features, the etiologies, and the factors associated with poor outcome of encephalitis in French Guiana. Our study was retrospective, including all cases of encephalitis hospitalized in the Cayenne General Hospital, from January 2007 to July 2017. Patients were included through the 2013 encephalitis consortium criteria and the outcome was evaluated using the Glasgow outcome scale at 3 months from the diagnosis of encephalitis.

Antibiotic susceptibilities of livestock isolates of leptospira.

Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease and is endemic worldwide. The antibiotic susceptibilities of Leptospira strains isolated from both humans and animals are poorly documented. This issue is particularly important for isolates from food-producing animals which are regularly exposed to antibiotic treatments.