The human VGLUT3-pT8I mutation elicits uneven striatal DA signaling, food or drug maladaptive consumption in male mice.

Cholinergic striatal interneurons (ChIs) express the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) which allows them to regulate the striatal network with glutamate and acetylcholine (ACh). In addition, VGLUT3-dependent glutamate increases ACh vesicular stores through vesicular synergy. A missense polymorphism, VGLUT3-p.

Time trends in infectious and chronic disease consultations in Dakar, Senegal: Impact of COVID-19 sanitary measures.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 sanitary measures on the time trends in infectious and chronic disease consultations in Sub-Saharan Africa remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study on all emergency medical consultations from January 2016 to July 2020, from SOS Medecins in Dakar, Senegal. The consultation records provided basic demographic information such as age, ethnicity (Senegalese or Caucasian), and sex as well as the principal diagnosis using an ICD-10 classification ("infectious", "chronic", and "other").

[From the Antonine Plague to the Cyprian Plague: Scopes and consequences of global plagues in the Roman Empire in the 3rd century AD.].

Between the 2nd and 3rd centuries the Roman Empire suffered two great plagues, the Antonine Plague, of which there is a bibliography, and the lesser known Plague of Cyprian. As an overview, both pandemics resemble the crisis that in 2020 the Coronavirus is generating in many aspects of human life. This article focuses on the impact that the Cyprian plague had in the context of the crisis of the third century, its mortality is estimated between 10-20% of the population in the affected places, finally its effects generated several of the necessary conditions for the transition from the ancient to the medieval world.

Efficient Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cascade Reactions of Enallenols to Furan and Oxaborole Derivatives.

A heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of enallenols has been developed for the construction of highly substituted furan and oxaborole derivatives. The heterogeneous catalyst (Pd-AmP-MCF) exhibits high activity, high site- and stereoselectivity, and efficient palladium recyclability in the transformations.

Methyl Donor Deficiency during Gestation and Lactation in the Rat Affects the Expression of Neuropeptides and Related Receptors in the Hypothalamus.

The micronutrients vitamins B9 and B12 act as methyl donors in the one-carbon metabolism involved in transmethylation reactions which critically influence epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression. Both vitamins are essential for proper development, and their deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with a wide range of disorders, including persisting growth retardation. Energy homeostasis and feeding are centrally regulated by the hypothalamus which integrates peripheral signals and acts through several orexigenic and anorexigenic mediators.

Wine aging: a bottleneck story.

The sporadic oxidation of white wines remains an open question, making wine shelf life a subjective debate. Through a multidisciplinary synoptic approach performed as a remarkable case study on aged bottles of white wine, this work unraveled a yet unexplored route for uncontrolled oxidation. By combining sensory evaluation, chemical and metabolomics analyses of the wine, and investigating oxygen transfer through the bottleneck/stopper, this work elucidates the importance of the glass/cork interface.

Molecular Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in an Agroforestry System Reveals the Predominance of spp. Associated with and Adult Trees and Seedlings.

(Jacq.) is a leguminous forestry tree species endemic to Caribbean swamp forests. In Guadeloupe, smallholder farmers traditionally cultivate flooded taro () cultures under the canopy of stands.

Patterns of genetic diversity of the cryptogenic red alga Polysiphonia morrowii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) suggest multiple origins of the Atlantic populations.

The red alga Polysiphonia morrowii, native to the North Pacific (Northeast Asia), has recently been reported worldwide. To determine the origin of the French and Argentine populations of this introduced species, we compared samples from these two areas with samples collected in Korea and at Hakodate, Japan, the type locality of the species. Combined analyses of chloroplastic (rbcL) and mitochondrial (cox1) DNA revealed that the French and Argentine populations are closely related and differ substantially from the Korean and Japanese populations.

Late Maternal Folate Supplementation Rescues from Methyl Donor Deficiency-Associated Brain Defects by Restoring Let-7 and miR-34 Pathways.

The micronutrients folate and vitamin B12 are essential for the proper development of the central nervous system, and their deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with a wide range of disorders. They act as methyl donors in the one-carbon metabolism which critically influences epigenetic mechanisms. In order to depict further underlying mechanisms, we investigated the role of let-7 and miR-34, two microRNAs regulated by methylation, on a rat model of maternal deficiency.

Molecular evidence for the coexistence of two sibling species in Pylaiella littoralis (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) along the Brittany coast.

The great phenotypic variability and the lack of diagnostic characters in the genus Pylaiella render the systematic study of this genus problematic. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Pylaiella littoralis along the Brittany (France) coast using a DNA barcoding multilocus approach with mitochondrial (cox1, nad1, and atp9) and chloroplastic (rbcL and atpB) markers associated with a population genetics approach using 10 microsatellite markers. In addition, spatio-temporal sampling was conducted along the Brittany coast.

Folate- and vitamin B12-deficient diet during gestation and lactation alters cerebellar synapsin expression via impaired influence of estrogen nuclear receptor α.

Deficiency in the methyl donors vitamin B12 and folate during pregnancy and postnatal life impairs proper brain development. We studied the consequences of this combined deficiency on cerebellum plasticity in offspring from rat mothers subjected to deficient diet during gestation and lactation and in rat neuroprogenitor cells expressing cerebellum markers. The major proteomic change in cerebellum of 21-d-old deprived females was a 2.

Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. mature trees and seedlings in the neotropical coastal forests of Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles).

We studied belowground and aboveground diversity and distribution of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal species colonizing Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. (seagrape) mature trees and seedlings naturally regenerating in four littoral forests of the Guadeloupe island (Lesser Antilles).

Early methyl donor deficiency may induce persistent brain defects by reducing Stat3 signaling targeted by miR-124.

The methyl donors folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 are centrepieces of the one-carbon metabolism that has a key role in transmethylation reactions, and thus in epigenetic and epigenomic regulations. Low dietary intakes of folate and vitamin B12 are frequent, especially in pregnant women and in the elderly, and deficiency constitutes a risk factor for various diseases, including neurological and developmental disorders. In this respect, both vitamins are essential for normal brain development, and have a role in neuroplasticity and in the maintenance of neuronal integrity.

The crystalline state of methylene blue: a zoo of hydrates.

A re-investigation of the crystalline state of methylene blue has led to the identification of five different hydrates with clearly distinct structures. These include the already known pentahydrate, a hydrate with 2.2-2.

A case study of modified interactions with symbionts in a hybrid mediterranean orchid.

Premise Of The Study: Most studies on orchid hybrids examine separately the effects of hybridization on interactions with pollinators or with mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we simultaneously investigated both interactions in the mediterranean food-deceptive Orchis simia, O. anthropophora, and their hybrid (O.

[What evidence for chest physiotherapy in infants hospitalized for acute viral bronchiolitis?].

This article updates the respiratory physiotherapy technique used in France, and the rationale for its use. This paper reports the results of a recent randomized clinical trial that did not show any efficiency of respiratory physiotherapy (using increased expiratory acceleration) in infants hospitalized for a first episode of bronchiolitis. Further trials are necessary for evaluating this technique in infants who are not hospitalized.

Neuromotor microalterations in subjects with spasmophilia symptoms: a preliminary study.

Spasmophilia is a relatively unknown condition characterized by perturbations of the neuromuscular system. We hypothesized that spasmophilia may negatively affect neuromotor functions in subtle ways. Three tests including tremor, rapid pointing movements, and alternating movements were quantified in a group of subjects with spasmophilia symptoms (SS) (n = 10) and a healthy control group (n = 10).

Manganese neurotoxicity, a continuum of dysfunction: results from a community based study.

Excessive manganese (Mn) has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits and neurological and/or neuropsychiatric illness, but the level at which this metal can cause adverse neurotoxic effects, particularly with long-term exposure, is still unknown. The objective of the present study was to assess nervous system functions in residents exposed to manganese from a variety of environmental sources. A random stratified sampling procedure was used to select participants; persons with a history of workplace exposure to Mn and other neurotoxic substances were excluded.

Analysis of rapid alternating movements in Cree subjects exposed to methylmercury and in subjects with neurological deficits.

To quantify rapid alternating movements (RAMs) we used a simple prototype developed in our laboratory that requires the subject to rotate two hand-held foam spheres connected to optical encoders via flexible rods. Ninety-six participants, including 30 control subjects, 36 Cree subjects exposed to methylmercury, 21 subjects with Parkinson's disease, 6 subjects with cerebellar deficits, and 3 subjects with essential tremor, were involved in the study (though data for 5 were later removed). Twelve characteristics were developed and calculated from the raw data.

Quantitative analysis of rapid pointing movements in Cree subjects exposed to mercury and in subjects with neurological deficits.

To quantify rapid and precise proximo-distal movements, we have developed a simple system (eurythmokinesimeter or EKM) which requires the subject to touch alternately the center of proximal and distal targets with a stylus. Ninety-six participants, including 30 controls subjects, 36 Cree subjects exposed to mercury, 21 subjects with Parkinson disease, 6 with presumed cerebellar deficit, and 3 with essential tremor, participated in the study. A total of nine measures, including precision, imprecision, contact duration, unsureness, tremor, transit time, irregularity, speed, and Fitts' constant, were calculated.

Can tremor be used to measure the effect of chronic mercury exposure in human subjects?

Clinical and quantitative studies in which tremor was used to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to organic and inorganic mercury in human subjects during the last 20 years were identified in MEDLINE and BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS. In the selected studies, methods varied widely by types of transducers used, anatomical locations of tremor testing, tasks executed by the subjects, types of tremor recorded and durations of trials. Measurements of tremor in these studies also varied by frequency, amplitude, waveform and reproducibility.

The measurement of tremor using simple laser systems.

Quantification of movement pathologies is an important challenge of the clinical and research laboratories today. Basically, two problems must be addressed. The first one is to find the appropriate technology; the second is to develop adequate measures from the raw data which will best discriminate between health and pathology.