Gold nanoparticles as innovative therapeutics for oral mucositis: A review of current evidence.

Oral mucositis (OM) remains a debilitating side effect in patients undergoing cancer therapy. DNA damage and oxidative stress generated by radiation and/or chemotherapy activate key inflammatory pathways, ultimately resulting in the destruction of the epithelial barrier, leading to microbial colonization, and ulceration. These ulcerative lesions are often extremely painful, compromising nutrition and oral hygiene, requiring intravenous nutritional support, resulting in longer periods of hospitalization and increased cost.

Effects of simulated long-term exposure to bottled, neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water on the properties of denture base resins.

Statement Of Problem: Denture stomatitis can pose serious health risks, especially to older people. Chemical denture cleaning agents must be effective, yet not adversely affect the longevity of removable dentures. Ready-to-use (RTU) neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) is an effective biocide against Candida albicans biofilms on denture resins, but the effects of daily disinfection with EOW on the physical and mechanical properties of resins have not been established.

Effectiveness of gold nanoparticles in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in animal models: a systematic review.

Background: Oral mucositis remains a significant complication during cancer therapy with no effective treatment. Gold nanoparticles offer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties with low toxicity. This study systematically reviews the literature assessing gold nanoparticles in the management of oral mucositis in animal models.

Electrolysed oxidising water as a multi-purpose biocide in dental healthcare-A scoping review.

Objectives: The objective of this scoping review was to map evidence of electrolysed oxidising water (EOW) as a biocide for dental applications of relevance to older people and identify research gaps.

Background: EOW is an emerging, "green," and cost-effective biocide. There are no reviews on the landscape of EOW research as either an antiseptic or disinfectant in dental healthcare or its suitability for the oral healthcare of older people.

Bone Cement Waste in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Preliminary Study of Scope and Cost.

Background: Medical waste is both costly and detrimental to the environment, and operating room waste represents a substantial portion of this. To the authors' knowledge, bone cement waste in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not previously been studied. The vast majority of TKA are cemented, and the volume of TKA is forecast to increase.

Registry Data Show Complication Rates and Cost in Revision Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Revision total hip arthroplaty (rTHA) places a burden on patients, surgeons, and health care systems because outcomes and costs are less predictable than primary THA. The purpose of this study was to define indications and treatments for rTHA, quantify risk for readmissions, and evaluate the economic impacts of rTHA in a hospital system.

Methods: The arthroplasty database of a hospital system was queried to generate a retrospective cohort of 793 rTHA procedures, performed on 518 patients, from 2017 to 2019 at 27 hospitals.

Enhancing the student learning experience: Co-teaching biochemistry and clinical sciences within the dental curriculum.

Basic knowledge of biochemistry underpins oral and dental care. Undergraduate dental students do not always engage well with basic science teaching due to not appreciating its clinical relevance. Co-teaching provides one approach to overcome students' disengagement and involves two lecturers, with complementary expertise, presenting the curriculum together.

The Economic Impact of Lower Extremity Periprosthetic Fractures in a Large Hospital System.

Background: Periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) place a burden on hospital systems. They occur in older patients with medical comorbidities, as unplanned events requiring technically complex surgeries with expensive implants. The purpose of this study was to describe this patient population and evaluate the economic impact of PPFs on a hospital system.

Alkaline Tolerance and Biofilm Formation of Root Canal Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of glucose and glycerol (provided as principal fermentable supplements) on alkaline tolerance and biofilm-forming capabilities of root canal-derived strains of Enterococcus faecalis and those from other environments.

Methods: The planktonic growth kinetics and the biofilm-forming capabilities of E. faecalis isolates (identified by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing) were compared when supplied with glucose and glycerol at pH levels of 8 and 11 in a microtiter plate.

Robotic Versus Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty in High Volume Surgeons: A Comparison of Cost and Quality Metrics.

Background: Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) was introduced to improve surgical accuracy and patient outcomes. However, RTKA may also increase operating time and add cost to TKA. This study sought to compare the differences in cost and quality measures between manual TKA (MTKA) and RTKA METHODS: All MTKAs and RTKAs performed between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019, by 6 high volume surgeons in each cohort, were retrospectively reviewed.

Can a Reduction in Revision Rates Make Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty Cost Neutral With Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty at Ten-Year Follow-Up? An Episode Cost Analysis.

Background: Advocates of robotic total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) suggest that its greater cost may be recaptured through a reduction in revision rates. We sought to determine what reduction in revision TKA would be required for RTKA to become cost neutral with manual TKA (MTKA).

Methods: Episode costs were determined for 2392 RTKAs and 2392 MTKAs.

Streptococcus salivarius Isolates of Varying Acid Tolerance Exhibit F1F0-ATPase Conservation.

Genes encoding the subunits of the membrane-bound F1F0-ATPase (responsible for exporting protons from the cytoplasm and contributing to acid tolerance) were sequenced for 24 non-mutans streptococci isolated from carious lesions. Isolates, mostly Streptococcus salivarius, displayed a continuum of acid tolerance thresholds ranging from pH 4.55 to 3.

Formulation of a Semisolid Emulsion Containing Leptospermum scoparium Essential Oil and Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Efficacy.

Manuka oil, an essential oil derived from the , has been traditionally used for wound care and as a topical antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. However, the essential oil is not well retained at mucosal sites, such as the oral cavity, where the benefits of the aforementioned properties could be utilized toward the treatment of persistent biofilms. Within this study, essential oil was incorporated into a semisolid emulsion for improved delivery.

AgNP/Alginate Nanocomposite hydrogel for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications.

The synthesis and specific surface functionalization of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their incorporation into an alginate hydrogel is described. Divalent cation-mediated ionic crosslinking was used to disperse the AgNPs throughout the gel, made possible by -COO cross-linking sites provided by the surface-enhanced nanoparticles, inspired by the classic egg-box model crosslinking of calcium alginate. An AgNP concentration, 10-20 μg g increased hygrogel elasticity, viscosity, and shear resistance by 45, 30, and 31% respectively.

Extremes of body mass index have significant impact on complications, readmissions, and utilization of post-acute services after primary total hip arthroplasty.

Aims: High body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased rates of complications in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), but less is known about its impact on cost. The effects of low BMI on outcomes and cost are less understood. This study evaluated the relationship between BMI, inpatient costs, complications, readmissions, and utilization of post-acute services.

The association between oral bacteria, the cough reflex and pneumonia in patients with acute stroke and suspected dysphagia.

Objective: To establish how oral bacteria are related to cough sensitivity and pneumonia in a clinical stroke population.

Background: Stroke patients are at risk of colonisation by respiratory pathogens due, in part, to sudden discontinuation of effective oral hygiene. When combined with reduced cough reflex sensitivity, aspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal contents and can lead to pneumonia.

Reusing Titanium Healing Abutments: Comparison of Two Decontamination Methods.

Purpose: To assess the amount of contamination remaining on used healing abutments after autoclaving and to compare the effectiveness of two additional decontamination methods.

Materials And Methods: After autoclaving, a total of 120 used healing abutments were divided equally into three groups: used healing abutments after autoclaving only (group 1); used healing abutments after autoclaving and air-flow polishing (Master Piezon, EMS) using erythritol powder (AIR-FLOW PLUS, EMS) (group 2); and used healing abutments after autoclaving and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 25 g/L) treatment (group 3). Residual contaminants were stained using Phloxine B (400 g/mL), and healing abutments were photographed using a light microscope with digital capture system (Nikon SMZ800).

Surface Characteristics and Biofilm Development on Selected Dental Ceramic Materials.

Background: Intraoral adjustment and polishing of dental ceramics often affect their surface characteristics, promoting increased roughness and consequent biofilm growth. This study correlated surface roughness to biofilm development with four commercially available ceramic materials.

Methods: Four ceramic materials (Vita Enamic®, Lava™ Ultimate, Vitablocs Mark II, and Wieland Reflex®) were prepared as per manufacturer instructions.

Antimicrobial activity of chemomechanical gingival retraction products.

Background: Application of astringent hemostatic agents is the most widely used technique for gingival retraction, and a variety of products are offered commercially. However, these products may have additional unintended yet clinically beneficial properties. The authors assessed the antimicrobial activities of marketed retraction products against plaque-associated bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm assays, in vitro.

Periodontal Application of Manuka Honey: Antimicrobial and Demineralising Effects In Vitro.

. Topical application of manuka honey is effective in the treatment of burns and soft-tissue infections. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of manuka honey against plaque-associated bacteria in vitro in order to evaluate the potential application as an adjunct to periodontal treatment.

Colony polymerase chain reaction of heme-accumulating bacteria.

Colony PCR of anaerobic black-pigmenting Bacteroidetes species Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia was modified by addition of bovine serum albumin to reverse the inhibitory action of accumulated heme.

Antibacterial properties of root canal lubricants: a comparison with commonly used irrigants.

The aim was to assess in vitro the antibacterial activity of 10 root canal lubricants. K-Y Jelly personal lubricant, RC-Prep, File-Eze, File-Rite, EndoPrep Gel, Endosure Prep Crème 15%, Prep-Rite, Glyde, SlickGel ES and Alpha Glide were selected and compared in their antimicrobial properties to seven irrigants. Serial dilutions of each agent in tryptic soy broth were inoculated with either Enterococcus faecalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated at 37C for 24 h.

The butterfly effect: an investigation of sectioned roots.

Introduction: The butterfly effect is an optical phenomenon seen in some sections of tooth roots. The aim of this work was to investigate the density of dentinal tubules in mesiodistal and buccolingual cross-sections of roots exhibiting the butterfly effect and to determine if the effect is featured throughout the length of roots and is age related.

Methods: Thirty extracted single-rooted teeth were allocated to the following groups according to patient age: group 1: 15-24 years, group 2: 25-44 years, and group 3: 45 years and over.

Microbial analysis of bite marks by sequence comparison of streptococcal DNA.

Bite mark injuries often feature in violent crimes. Conventional morphometric methods for the forensic analysis of bite marks involve elements of subjective interpretation that threaten the credibility of this field. Human DNA recovered from bite marks has the highest evidentiary value, however recovery can be compromised by salivary components.

Antibiotic susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis biofilms in a continuous flow model.

Antibiotic susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis biofilms was assessed using a Sorbarod filter continuous flow model. Ceftriaxone, erythromycin, amoxicillin, and Augmentin produced significant decreases in both biofilm and planktonic viable cell populations collected from the effluent. Augmentin produced the greatest reduction in biofilm (2.