Publications by authors named "Geoffrey Talmon"

Nitrogen bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid, target the enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (IBP), and are the frontline treatment for osteolytic bone diseases. A strong affinity of these agents for bone limits their distribution out of the skeleton. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) is directly downstream to FDPS in the IBP and novel GGDPS inhibitors such as RAM2061 have been shown to have key drug-like features including prolonged half-life, metabolic stability, and systemic distribution.

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: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis. Currently, surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment. Unfortunately, less than 20% of PDAC patients are eligible for surgical resection at diagnosis.

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an endemic entity with a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus and a new recognition of human papilloma virus-mediated effects in nonendemic areas. Here, we discuss a nasopharyngeal carcinoma suspected as based on imaging results with metastasis to the lymph nodes, lung, spleen, bone, and liver. Gross and microscopic findings from the autopsy were clinicopathologically correlated with antemortem clinical studies and investigations.

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Pathology education is taught using different curricula in the United States (USA) and abroad. We evaluate and compare the hours spent in different forms of pathology teaching such as lectures, team-based learning (TBL), problem-based learning (PBL), and other methods taught in general and systemic pathology amongst different medical schools within the USA and outside the USA. The total number of lecture hours taught in general and systemic pathology combined was greater in outside schools than within the USA (141 h vs 97.

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Dysregulation of both the gut barrier and microbiota (dysbiosis) promotes susceptibility to and severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Leaky gut and dysbiosis often coexist; however, potential interdependence and molecular regulation are not well understood. Robust expression of claudin-3 (CLDN3) characterizes the gut epithelium, and studies have demonstrated a positive association between CLDN3 expression and gut barrier maturity and integrity, including in response to probiotics.

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Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events in an individual's life. Patients with PTSD are also at a higher risk for comorbidities. However, it is not well understood how PTSD affects human health and/or promotes the risk for comorbidities.

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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Chronic inflammation promotes the risk for CAC. In contrast, mucosal healing predicts improved prognosis in IBD and reduced risk of CAC.

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There is a major need for the development of new therapeutics to combat antibiotic-resistant . Recently, gallium (Ga)-based complexes have shown promising antimicrobial effects against various bacteria, including multidrug-resistant organisms, by targeting multiple heme/iron-dependent metabolic pathways. Among these, Ga protoporphyrin (GaPP) inhibits bacterial growth by targeting heme pathways, including aerobic respiration.

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Impaired autophagy promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Claudin-2 is upregulated in IBD however its role in the pathobiology remains uncertain due to its complex regulation, including by autophagy. Irrespective, claudin-2 expression protects mice from DSS colitis.

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Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and its complications are significant health problems worldwide. Several pathways in ALD are influenced by alcohol that drives inflammation, fatty acid metabolism, and fibrosis. Although miR-96 has become a key regulator in several liver diseases, its function in ALD remains unclear.

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Cisplatin- and gemcitabine-based chemotherapeutics represent a mainstay of cancer therapy for most solid tumors; however, resistance limits their curative potential. Here, we identify RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) as a common driver of cisplatin and gemcitabine resistance in human cancers (ovarian, lung, and pancreas). Mechanistically, cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant cells show enhanced DNA repair, which is inhibited by PAF1 silencing.

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Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer subtype that is associated with high recurrence and poor prognosis. Due to lack of potential drug targets, SCLC patients have few therapeutic options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide an interesting repertoire of therapeutic molecules; however, the identification of miRNAs regulating SCLC growth and metastasis and their precise regulatory mechanisms are not well understood.

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MUC16, membrane-bound mucin, plays an oncogenic role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the pathological role of MUC16 in the PDAC progression, tumor microenvironment, and metastasis in cooperation with Kras and Trp53 mutations remains unknown. Deletion of Muc16 with activating mutations Kras and Trp53 in mice significantly decreased progression and prolonged overall survival in Kras; Trp53; Pdx-1-Cre; Muc16 (KPCM) and Kras; Pdx-1-Cre; Muc16 (KCM), as compared to Kras; Trp53; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) and Kras; Pdx-1-Cre (KC) mice, respectively.

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is a highly antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria that is responsible for thousands of deaths each year. Infections with disproportionately impact individuals with compromised immune systems as well as cystic fibrosis patients, where lung infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In previous work, we showed that a combination of gallium (Ga) nitrate and Ga protoporphyrin worked well in several bacterial infection models but its mechanism of action (MOA) is unknown.

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Background: A pro-oxidant enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) has been reported to be a critical downstream effector of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast transformation during fibrosis. While there are a small number of studies suggesting an oncogenic role of Nox4 derived from activated fibroblasts, direct evidence linking this pro-oxidant to the tumor-supporting CAF phenotype and the mechanisms involved are lacking, particularly in breast cancer.

Methods: We targeted Nox4 in breast patient-derived CAFs via siRNA-mediated knockdown or administration of a pharmaceutical inhibitor (GKT137831).

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Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are considered to be detrimental to human health. One of the SFAs, myristic acid (MA), is known to exert a hypercholesterolemic effect in mice as well as humans. However, its effects on altering adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and systemic insulin resistance (IR) in obesity are still unclear.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, academic health centers suspended clinical clerkships for students. A need emerged for innovative virtual curricula to continue fostering professional competencies. In March 2020, a multidisciplinary team from the University of Nebraska Medical Center had 2 weeks to create a course on the impact of infectious diseases that addressed the COVID-19 pandemic in real time for upper-level medical and physician assistant students.

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Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment option for pancreatic cancer, but resections are made more difficult by infiltrative disease, proximity of critical vasculature, peritumoral inflammation, and dense stroma. Surgeons are limited to tactile and visual cues to differentiate cancerous tissue from normal tissue. Furthermore, translating preoperative images to the intraoperative setting poses additional challenges for tumor detection, and can result in undetected and unresected lesions.

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Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with immune responses with oxidative stress wherein high levels of malondialdehyde result in the formation of a highly stable and immunogenic malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adduct (MAA). Thus, this study evaluated the status of MAA and anti-MAA antibody isotypes in IBD and their potential as novel serological biomarkers for differentiating ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: Levels of MAA and anti-MAA antibodies were examined in patients with IBD (171), non-IBD gastrointestinal diseases (77), and controls (83) from 2 independent cohorts using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

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Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy, despite the advent of therapies such as proteosome inhibitors (PIs) that disrupt protein homeostasis and induce ER stress. We have pursued inhibition of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) as a novel mechanism by which to target protein homeostasis in MM cells. GGDPS inhibitors (GGSI) disrupt Rab geranylgeranylation, which in turn results in perturbation of Rab-mediated protein trafficking, leading to accumulation of intracellular monoclonal protein, induction of ER stress and apoptosis.

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Purpose: Prior studies suggest a role for promoting recognition of generational differences as a part of workplace ethics. To our knowledge, there is no published comprehensive analysis demonstrating how commonly or by what methods intergenerational dynamics are taught as structured coursework in medical school curricula. To address this gap, we carried out a survey of curriculum leaders of US medical schools to assess the current practices and attitudes toward content related to generational differences in medical school coursework.

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Article Synopsis
  • Radiation therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) often fails due to radioresistance, linked to cholesterol biosynthesis (CBS) and specifically, the enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS).
  • Inhibition of FDPS using zoledronic acid (Zol) enhanced the effectiveness of radiation therapy and activated immune cells in both human and mouse models.
  • Results showed that targeting FDPS increased radiosensitivity, improved survival rates, and altered immune responses, suggesting Zol as a promising radiosensitizer and immunomodulator for PDAC treatment.
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Competent physicians must be able to self-assess skill level; however, previous studies suggest that medical trainees may not accurately self-assess. We utilized Pathology Milestones (PM) data to determine whether there were discrepancies in self- versus Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) ratings by sex, program year (PGY), time of evaluation, and question category (Patient Care, Medical Knowledge, Systems-Based Practice [SBP], Practice-Based Learning and Improvement [PBL], Professionalism [PRO], and Interpersonal and Communication Skills) and Residency In-Service Examination (RISE) score. We completed retrospective analyses of PM evaluation scores from 2016 to 2019 (n = 23 residents) 2 times per year.

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Haploinsufficiency of chromosome 17p and c-Myc amplification distinguish group 3 medulloblastomas which are associated with early metastasis, rapid recurrence, and swift mortality. Tumor suppressor genes on this locus have not been adequately characterized. We elucidated the role of miR-212-3p in the pathophysiology of group 3 tumors.

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Background: QuPath is an open-source digital image analyzer notable for its user-friendly design, cross-platform compatibility, and customizable functionality. Since it was first released in 2016, at least 624 publications have reported its use, and it has been applied in a wide spectrum of settings. However, there are currently limited reports of its use in placental tissue.

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