Normal anatomic relationships in prepubescent female external genitalia.

Objective: Female congenital abnormalities and concomitant ambiguous genitalia constitute the primary reason for female genital reconstruction, however, objective data describing normal female anatomy is lacking. The aim of this study is to describe the normal anatomical relationships and size of the external genital structures in prepubescent females.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected prospectively from consecutive Tanner stage 1 females undergoing surgery unrelated to the genitalia.

Presenting symptoms of anterior urethral stricture disease: a disease specific, patient reported questionnaire to measure outcomes.

Purpose: We evaluated the spectrum of symptoms in men with urethral stricture presenting for urethroplasty.

Materials And Methods: We identified 214 men who underwent anterior urethroplasty by a single surgeon (CMG) from March 2001 to June 2010. We retrospectively reviewed the initial patient history.

Management of elderly patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: guideline concordance and predictors of overall survival.

Objective: To study guideline recommendation (GR)-concordance rates of treatment in elderly patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and to identify predictors of survival.

Patients And Methods: The records of 206 consecutive patients aged ≥ 75 years (median age 79 years; range 75-95) were reviewed. All patients underwent transurethral resection (TUR) or biopsy of UCB.

American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade 4 renal injury substratification into grades 4a (low risk) and 4b (high risk).

Purpose: We identified computerized tomography findings associated with the need for urgent intervention for hemostasis after traumatic renal injury to update and refine the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale for renal trauma.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive patients presenting to our level I trauma center from 1999 to 2008 with American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades 3 and 4 renal injury. In all patients initial abdominal computerized tomography was done soon after presentation to the emergency department before renal intervention.

Radiographic predictors of need for angiographic embolization after traumatic renal injury.

Background: Although the American Association of the Surgery for Trauma Organ Injury Scale is the gold standard for staging renal trauma, it does not address characteristics of perirenal hematomas that may indicate significant hemorrhage. Angiographic embolization has become well established as an effective method for achieving hemostasis. We evaluated two novel radiographic indicators--perirenal hematoma size and intravascular contrast extravasation (ICE)--to test their association with subsequent angiographic embolization.

Are patients with hematuria appropriately referred to Urology? A multi-institutional questionnaire based survey.

Introduction: Hematuria is a common finding that may be a sign of serious underlying urologic disease. Thus, the AUA guidelines (written in conjunction with the American Academy of Family Practice) recommend urologic evaluation for patients with both microscopic and gross hematuria. We sought to evaluate practice patterns of the evaluation of hematuria by primary care physicians (PCPs) in two locations in the United States.

Adjunctive therapy to promote stone passage.

The majority of individuals with nephrolithiasis have small ureteral stones that pass spontaneously. However, patients may experience severe pain during this process, which significantly alters their quality of life and may limit their vocational responsibilities. Therefore, measures to facilitate stone passage are uniformly embraced.