Trauma care in the tropics: addressing gaps in treating injury in rural and remote Australia.

In Australia, over half a million people are admitted to hospital every year as a result of injury, and where you live matters. Rural populations have disproportionately higher injury hospitalisation rates (1.5-2.

Short-term outcome of adenosine-lidocaine-magnesium polarizing cardioplegia in humans.

Objectives: Hyperkalaemic depolarized myocardial arrest is the cornerstone of myocardial protection, although some potassium-related cytotoxicity has been demonstrated. Polarized arrest has gained interest because of a reported better myocardial protection in preclinical studies. The goal of this study was to analyse the quality of myocardial protection and hospital outcome after normokalaemic adenosine-lidocaine-magnesium (ALM) blood polarizing cardioplegia, compared to hyperkalaemic blood Buckberg depolarizing cardioplegia, in elective routine adult cardiac surgery.

Cardioplegia between Evolution and Revolution: From Depolarized to Polarized Cardiac Arrest in Adult Cardiac Surgery.

Despite current advances in perioperative care, intraoperative myocardial protection during cardiac surgery has not kept the same pace. High potassium cardioplegic solutions were introduced in the 1950s, and in the early 1960s they were soon recognized as harmful. Since that time, surgeons have minimized many of the adverse effects by lowering the temperature of the heart, lowering K concentration, reducing contact K time, changing the vehicle from a crystalloid solution to whole-blood, adding many pharmacological protectants and modifying reperfusion conditions.

Adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ fluid therapy leads to 72-hour survival after hemorrhagic shock: A model for studying differential gene expression and extending biological time.

Background: Noncompressible torso hemorrhage is a leading cause of traumatic death. Our aim was to examine survival time and the expression of key master genes of cellular metabolism after 3% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg (ALM) bolus and 4 hours 0.9% NaCl/ALM "drip" in a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.

7.5% NaCl Resuscitation Leads to Abnormal Clot Fibrinolysis after Severe Hemorrhagic Shock and its Correction with 7.5% NaCl Adenosine, Lidocaine, and Mg.

Background: Hyperfibrinolysis is a common complication of hemorrhagic shock. Our aim was to examine the effect of small-volume 7.5% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg (ALM) on fibrinolysis in the rat model of hemorrhagic shock.

Small-Volume Adenosine, Lidocaine, and Mg2+ 4-Hour Infusion Leads to 88% Survival after 6 Days of Experimental Sepsis in the Rat without Antibiotics.

Innovative host-directed drug therapies are urgently required to treat sepsis. We tested the effect of a small-volume 0.9% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg (ALM) bolus and a 4-h intravenous infusion on survivability in the rat model of polymicrobial sepsis over 6 days.

Adenosine, lidocaine, and Mg2+ (ALM): From cardiac surgery to combat casualty care--Teaching old drugs new tricks.

New frontline drugs and therapies are urgently required to protect the body from primary and secondary injuries. We review more than 10 years of work on adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium (ALM) and its possible significance to civilian and military medicine. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside involved in nucleotide production, adenosine triphosphate turnover, and restoration of supply and demand imbalances.