Endometrial, Ovarian, and Peritoneal Involvement by Endometrioid Carcinoma, Yolk Sac Tumor, and Endometriosis: Molecular Evidence for a Shared Precursor.

Recent studies have provided molecular confirmation that a subset of yolk sac tumors is somatically derived. Somatically derived yolk sac tumors are typically diagnosed in older women and are often seen adjacent to epithelial proliferations (such as endometriosis or endometrioid carcinoma) with which they share mutations. Here, we present a case of a postmenopausal woman with a yolk sac tumor and endometriosis in the right ovary, endometriosis with glandular crowding and reactive changes in the left ovary, endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor involving the serosa of the colon.

Shared and unique genomic structural variants of different histological components within testicular germ cell tumours identified with mate pair sequencing.

Post-pubertal testicular germ-cell tumours (TGCTs) can present with a variety of distinct histologies which are nevertheless lineage related and often co-occurring. The exact lineage relationships and developmental pathways leading to the different histologies is debated. In order to investigate the relationship of histologic populations, mate-pair sequencing (MPseq) and exome sequencing (ExomeSeq) were conducted on different histological populations within the same tumour.

Quantification of Somatic Chromosomal Rearrangements in Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Ovarian Cancers.

Recently, the use of a liquid biopsy has shown promise in monitoring tumor burden. While point mutations have been extensively studied, chromosomal rearrangements have demonstrated greater tumor specificity. Such rearrangements can be identified in the tumor and subsequently detected in the plasma of patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Integrated Genomic Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas Reveals Genomic Rearrangement Events as Significant Drivers of Disease.

Many somatic mutations have been detected in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), leading to the identification of some key drivers of disease progression, but the involvement of large genomic rearrangements has often been overlooked. In this study, we performed mate pair sequencing (MPseq) on genomic DNA from 24 PDAC tumors, including 15 laser-captured microdissected PDAC and 9 patient-derived xenografts, to identify genome-wide rearrangements. Large genomic rearrangements with intragenic breakpoints altering key regulatory genes involved in PDAC progression were detected in all tumors.

Integrated analysis of the genomic instability of PTEN in clinically insignificant and significant prostate cancer.

Patients with clinically insignificant prostate cancer remain a major over-treated population. PTEN loss is one of the most recurrent alterations in prostate cancer associated with an aggressive phenotype, however, the occurrence of PTEN loss in insignificant prostate cancer has not been reported and its role in the separation of insignificant from significant prostate cancer is unclear. An integrated analysis of PTEN loss was, therefore, performed for structural variations, point mutations and protein expression in clinically insignificant (48 cases) and significant (76 cases) prostate cancers treated by radical prostatectomy.

Truncated ERG Oncoproteins from TMPRSS2-ERG Fusions Are Resistant to SPOP-Mediated Proteasome Degradation.

SPOP mutations and TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements occur collectively in up to 65% of human prostate cancers. Although the two events are mutually exclusive, it is unclear whether they are functionally interrelated. Here, we demonstrate that SPOP, functioning as an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein, promotes ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of wild-type ERG by recognizing a degron motif at the N terminus of ERG.

Identification of independent primary tumors and intrapulmonary metastases using DNA rearrangements in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Distinguishing independent primary tumors from intrapulmonary metastases in non-small-cell carcinoma remains a clinical dilemma with significant clinical implications. Using next-generation DNA sequencing, we developed a chromosomal rearrangement-based approach to differentiate multiple primary tumors from metastasis.

Methods: Tumor specimens from patients with known independent primary tumors and metastatic lesions were used for lineage test development, which was then applied to multifocal tumors.