A Retrospective Evaluation of the Treatment Effects of Rituximab in Patients with Progressive and Symptomatic Fibrosing Mediastinitis.

Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is an uncommon fibroinflammatory condition without established or effective medical therapies. Infiltrating B lymphocytes are commonly present, and progressive fibrosis compromises mediastinal structures, including blood vessels and airways, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. To evaluate the benefits and side effects of rituximab in patients with progressive and symptomatic FM.

Neurologic Symptoms After Lu-Prostate-Specific-Membrane Antigen-617 Therapy: A Single-Center Experience.

Treatment with Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 (Lu-vipivotide tetraxetan [Pluvicto]) prolongs both progression-free and overall survival in advanced PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Data examining specifically neurologic symptoms after Lu-PSMA-617 treatment are scarce. In this study, we aimed to review the neurologic findings in a large cohort of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing Lu-PSMA-617 therapy.

Performance of ChatGPT-4 and Bard chatbots in responding to common patient questions on prostate cancer Lu-PSMA-617 therapy.

Background: Many patients use artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots as a rapid source of health information. This raises important questions about the reliability and effectiveness of AI chatbots in delivering accurate and understandable information.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the accuracy, conciseness, and readability of responses from OpenAI ChatGPT-4 and Google Bard to patient inquiries concerning the novel Lu-PSMA-617 therapy for prostate cancer.

Survival Patterns Based on First-site-specific Visceral Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Are Outcomes of Visceral Metastases the Same?

Background And Objective: Visceral metastatic disease in prostate cancer patients conveys a poor prognosis. Using advanced imaging techniques, studies have demonstrated increasing detection rates of visceral metastasis. Visceral metastases are now seen in up to 30-60% of prostate cancer patients.

Salivary toxicity from PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals: What we have learned and where we are going.

Clinical trials of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted radiopharmaceuticals have shown encouraging results. Some agents, like lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 ([Lu]Lu-PSMA-617), are already approved for late line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Projections are for continued growth of this treatment modality; [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is being studied both in earlier stages of disease and in combination with other anti-cancer therapies.

Theranostics and artificial intelligence: new frontiers in personalized medicine.

The field of theranostics is rapidly advancing, driven by the goals of enhancing patient care. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) and its innovative theranostic applications have marked a critical step forward in nuclear medicine, leading to a significant paradigm shift in precision oncology. For instance, AI-assisted tumor characterization, including automated image interpretation, tumor segmentation, feature identification, and prediction of high-risk lesions, improves diagnostic processes, offering a precise and detailed evaluation.

Reversibility of Bicalutamide PSMA PET-Positive Gynecomastia With Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

A 78-year-old man receiving bicalutamide for prostate cancer was referred for a PSMA PET/CT scan to evaluate his gradually rising prostate-specific antigen level. The PSMA PET/CT revealed gynecomastia with radiotracer uptake in bilateral breast parenchyma, a known but rarely reported effect of bicalutamide monotherapy. This scan also demonstrated metastatic progression of his disease in bone and lymph nodes, and he was started on leuprolide injections.

Application of Advanced Imaging to Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Management: A Narrative Review of Current Practice and Unanswered Questions.

Major advances in prostate cancer diagnosis, staging, and management have occurred over the past decade, largely due to our improved understanding of the technical aspects and clinical applications of advanced imaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate-cancer-specific positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we review the established utility of these important and exciting technologies, as well as areas of controversy and uncertainty that remain important areas for future study. There is strong evidence supporting the utility of MRI in guiding initial biopsy and assessing local disease.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Incidentally Detected Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodule.

Incidental pulmonary nodules are common. Although the majority are benign, most are indeterminate for malignancy when first encountered making their management challenging. CT remains the primary imaging modality to first characterize and follow-up incidental lung nodules.

International EANM-SNMMI-ISMRM consensus recommendation for PET/MRI in oncology.

The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote the science, technology, and practical application of nuclear medicine. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a professional non-profit medical association that facilitates communication worldwide between individuals pursuing clinical and research excellence in nuclear medicine. The EANM was founded in 1985.

Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy: A Review of Current Trials.

Radiopharmaceuticals are rapidly developing as a field, with the successful use of targeted beta emitters in neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer serving as catalysts. Targeted alpha emitters are in current development for several potential oncologic indications. Herein, we review the three most prevalently studied conjugated/chelated alpha emitters (actinium, lead, and astatine) and focus on contemporary clinical trials in an effort to more fully appreciate the breadth of the current evaluation.

A Review of Theranostics: Perspectives on Emerging Approaches and Clinical Advancements.

Theranostics is the combination of two approaches-diagnostics and therapeutics-applied for decades in cancer imaging using radiopharmaceuticals or paired radiopharmaceuticals to image and selectively treat various cancers. The clinical use of theranostics has increased in recent years, with U.S.

Bayesian penalized likelihood PET reconstruction impact on quantitative metrics in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Evaluate the quantitative, subjective (Deauville score [DS]) and reader agreement differences between standard ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) and Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction methods. A retrospective review of 104 F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) exams among 52 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. An unblinded radiologist moderator reviewed both BPL and OSEM PET/CT exams.

Technologist-Based Implementation of Total Metabolic Tumor Volume into Clinical Practice.

Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is defined as the total metabolically active tumor volume seen on F-FDG PET/CT examinations. Calculating MTV is often time-consuming, requiring a high degree of manual input. In this study, the MTV calculations of a board-certified nuclear radiologist were compared with those of 2 nuclear medicine technologists.

C choline PET/CT succeeds when conventional imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism fails.

Background: Focused parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism is possible with accurate preoperative localization. A growing body of data exists regarding the role of radio-labeled C choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography. In cases of nonlocalized disease, it may be a useful adjunct to ultrasound, (123)I/(99)Tc-sestamibi (I-123 sestamibi), or 4-dimensional computed tomography imaging.

A prospective trial of CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for lung tumors.

Background: Percutaneous ablation is an alternative treatment for lung cancer in non-operable patients. This is a prospective clinical trial for percutaneous microwave ablation (pMWA) of biopsy-proven lung cancer to demonstrate safety and efficacy.

Methods: A prospective trial from 6-1-2016 to 1-1-2019 enrolled patients with biopsy-proven primary or metastatic lung cancer <3 cm in size and 1 cm away from the pleura for pMWA with the Emprint Ablation System with Thermosphere Technology for Phase I analysis, (Clinicaltrials.

PET/CT and PET/MRI in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Advanced molecular imaging has come to play an integral role in the management of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) PET has now emerged as the reference standard for the evaluation of NENs and is particularly critical in the context of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) eligibility. SSTR PET/MRI with liver-specific contrast agent has a strong potential for one-stop-shop multiparametric evaluation of GEP-NENs.

Correlation of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET Scan and Octreotide Treatment in Thymic Epithelial Tumors.

Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) has been shown to be expressed in a subset of neuroendocrine tumors and carcinomas and plays a role in imaging studies and guiding therapy. Patients with tumors expressing SSTR2 may be successfully treated with somatostatin inhibitors or radiolabeled somatostatin analogues. We studied SSTR2 expression in TET and correlated it with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT or 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR results and treatment outcome.

PSMA as a Theranostic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Immunohistochemistry and Ga-PSMA-11 PET Using Cyclotron-Produced Ga.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a validated target for molecular diagnostics and targeted radionuclide therapy. Our purpose was to evaluate PSMA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and hepatic adenoma (HCA); investigate the genetic pathways in HCC associated with PSMA expression; and evaluate HCC detection rate with Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET). In phase 1, PSMA immunohistochemistry (IHC) on HCC (n = 148), CCA (n = 111), and HCA (n = 78) was scored.