Stochastic calibration of riverine water quality models.

Though commonly used, the suitability of deterministic calibration criteria for stochastic model calibration and uncertainty analysis is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to examine the suitability, relative benefits, and substantial disadvantages of "deterministic-optimization" approaches, such as root mean square error (RMSE), in stochastic contexts. Three alternate calibration strategies that are suitable for stochastic modeling of water quality under uncertainty are proposed and then demonstrated.