Novel Multiplex and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Species and Mating-Type Identification of and (Causal Agents of Cereal Eyespot), and Application for Detection of Ascospore Dispersal and In Planta Use.

Eyespot, caused by the related fungal pathogens and , is an important cereal stem-base disease in temperate parts of the world. Both species are dispersed mainly by splash-dispersed conidia but are also known to undergo sexual reproduction, yielding apothecia containing ascospores. Field diagnosis of eyespot can be challenging, with other pathogens causing similar symptoms, which complicates eyespot management strategies.

Dental dilemmas: Endodontics or dental implants?

Unlabelled: This narrative review explores treatment planning options in restorative dentistry. The growth of dental implants, as an accessible and predictable treatment option, gives practitioners a useful tool for managing the missing tooth or teeth with a hopeless prognosis. Traditionally, endodontics and fixed prosthodontics have been used to restore teeth and spaces where the outlook for such treatment appears reasonable.

A guide to the appraisal of research: 2. What's in a number?

Unlabelled: This review explores the nature of numbers in dental research, their importance and, at a basic level, how these are handled. This includes the important numbers that practitioners should look at when appraising research and discussion of some commonly found statistical terms.

Clinical Relevance: In order to apply evidence-based dentistry in clinical practice, dentists should have an understanding of the basic numbers reported in dental research, and an appreciation of this should allow them to identify which papers are most valuable to inform their clinical practice.

A guide to the appraisal of research: 1. The nature of research.

Unlabelled: Evidence-based dentistry has grown in recent years. The oceans of journals and research papers can be difficult to navigate. Gauging the quality of such publications and, more importantly, their clinical relevance may be challenging.

Trends in indirect dentistry: 2. post and core restorations.

Modern post preparation techniques reflect a change from what was once considered a prosthodontic procedure to one which marries endodontic principles with sound understanding of mechanical objectives. This article presents a rationale for techniques in materials selection and post-space preparation. A review of literature is presented and practical clinical guidelines are suggested when post placement is considered the treatment of choice.

Trends in indirect dentistry: 1. Case selection.

Indirect restorations can provide a conservative, functional and aesthetic method for managing a patient's dentition. These restorations, however, are only as good as the environment in which they are placed. Many restorations, though technically satisfactory, may fail because assessment and subsequent treatment planning has been unsatisfactory.