Volumetric changes and clinical trajectories in Parkinson's disease: a prospective multicentric study.

Background: Longitudinal measures of structural brain changes using MRI in relation to clinical features and progression patterns in PD have been assessed in previous studies, but few were conducted in well-defined and large cohorts, including prospective clinical assessments of both motor and non-motor symptoms.

Objective: We aimed to identify brain volumetric changes characterizing PD patients, and determine whether regional brain volumetric characteristics at baseline can predict motor, psycho-behavioral and cognitive evolution at one year in a prospective cohort of PD patients.

Methods: In this multicentric 1 year longitudinal study, PD patients and healthy controls from the MPI-R2* cohort were assessed for demographical, clinical and brain volumetric characteristics.

Frailty and prefrailty phenotypes increase the odds of abnormal cognitive impairment screens in people with HIV.

Objective: Evaluate whether prefrail and frail people with HIV (PWH) have a higher risk of cognitive impairment on screens.

Methods: Analysis of PWH aged 70 or older included in the ANRS EP66 SEPTAVIH cohort, on antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months and with a MoCA test at enrolment. Adjusted risk of a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) less than 26 was compared in frail/prefrail versus robust PWH.

Intrasubject subcortical quantitative referencing to boost MRI sensitivity to Parkinson's disease.

Several postmortem studies have shown iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients. Iron concentration can be estimated via MRI-R mapping. To assess the changes in R occurring in Parkinson's disease patients compared to controls, a multicentre transversal study was carried out on a large cohort of Parkinson's disease patients (n = 163) with matched controls (n = 82).

At-Home Training With a Rhythmic Video Game for Improving Orofacial, Manual, and Gait Abilities in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Rhythm disorders are consistently reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). They manifest across motor domains, such as in orofacial (oral diadochokinesis), manual (finger tapping), and gait tasks. It is still unclear, however, whether these disorders are domain- and task-specific, or result from impaired common mechanisms supporting rhythm processing (general dysrhythmia).

Classifying Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, Controls, and Mild Parkinson's Disease Using Gait Parameters.

Background: Subtle gait changes associated with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) could allow early detection of subjects with future synucleinopathies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to create a multiclass model, using statistical learning from probability distribution of gait parameters, to distinguish between patients with iRBD, healthy control subjects (HCs), and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Gait parameters were collected in 21 participants with iRBD, 21 with PD, and 21 HCs, matched for age, sex, and education level.

Validation of a non-motor fluctuations questionnaire in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Non-motor fluctuations (NMF) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain poorly recognized but have a high impact on patients' quality of life. The lack of assessment tools limits our understanding of NMF, compromising appropriate management. Our objective was to validate a hetero-questionnaire for NMF in PD patients at different stages of the disease: without treatment, without motor fluctuations, with motor fluctuations.

BeatWalk: Personalized Music-Based Gait Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease.

Taking regular walks when living with Parkinson's disease (PD) has beneficial effects on movement and quality of life. Yet, patients usually show reduced physical activity compared to healthy older adults. Using auditory stimulation such as music can facilitate walking but patients vary significantly in their response.

Fluoxetine for the Symptomatic Treatment of Multiple System Atrophy: The MSA-FLUO Trial.

Background: There are no effective treatments for multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (40 mg/d) for the symptomatic treatment of MSA.

Methods: This was a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomized trial in patients with "probable" MSA.

Rhythm disturbances as a potential early marker of Parkinson's disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder.

Objective: We aimed to identify timing distortions in production and perception of rhythmic events in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) as early markers of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Rhythmic skills, clinical characteristics, dysautonomia, depression, and olfaction were compared in 97 participants, including 21 participants with iRBD, 38 patients with PD, and 38 controls, matched for age, gender, and education level. Rhythmic disturbances can be easily detected with dedicated motor tasks via a tablet application.

Increased Prevalence of Neurocognitive Impairment in Aging People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The ANRS EP58 HAND 55-70 Study.

Background: There are limited data on the comparative prevalence of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in aging people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and people not living with HIV.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of PLHIV randomly matched by age (±4 years), gender, and education with 5 HIV-uninfected individuals from the CONSTANCES cohort. PLHIV were fluent in French and sequentially included during routine outpatient visits if aged 55-70 years, with HIV viral load <50 copies/mL, and lymphocyte T-CD4 level ≥200 cells/µL in the past 24 and 12 months, respectively.

Heightened orofacial, manual, and gait variability in Parkinson's disease results from a general rhythmic impairment.

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience rhythm disorders in a number of motor tasks, such as (i) oral diadochokinesis, (ii) finger tapping, and (iii) gait. These common motor deficits may be signs of "general dysrhythmia", a central disorder spanning across effectors and tasks, and potentially sharing the same neural substrate. However, to date, little is known about the relationship between rhythm impairments across domains and effectors.

Presleep Cognitive Arousal and Insomnia Comorbid to Parkinson Disease: Evidence for a Serial Mediation Model of Sleep-Related Safety Behaviors and Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep.

Study Objectives: Insomnia disorder (ID) is highly associated with Parkinson disease (PD) with great negative effect on health-related quality of life. Nonetheless, the relevance of psychological processes involved in the maintenance of insomnia is yet to be established in the context of this neurological condition. Our aim was to examine a serial meditation model of sleep-related safety behaviors and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep in association with presleep cognitive arousal and ID in patients with PD.

The role of interaction and predictability in the spontaneous entrainment of movement.

People walking side by side spontaneously synchronize their steps on some occasions but not on others, which poses a challenge to theories of perception-action based on interactive dynamic systems. How can action be spontaneously entrained by some sources of perceptual information while others are selectively ignored? The predictive processing framework suggests that saliency factors such as stimulus predictability, consistent deviation, and interactivity of the stimulus control the coupling between the motor system and perceptual information. To test this, we compared entrainment of gait cadence by two interactive auditory stimuli and two noninteractive but predictable, faster than preferred stimuli that were isochronous or statistically matched to gait.

Descriptive analysis of the French NS-Park registry: Towards a nation-wide Parkinson's disease cohort?

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's. The French clinical research network for PD (NS-Park) has created a national patient registry to i)report medical activity of Parkinson Expert Centers (PECs) to the Ministry of Health, ii)facilitate PD patients pre-screening for clinical trials, iii) provide a source for pharmaco-epidemiology studies.

Objective: Assess the French Parkinsonian population at a nation-wide level and discover new clinical characteristics.

Home-based training of rhythmic skills with a serious game in Parkinson's disease: Usability and acceptability.

Objectives: To evaluate the adherence, usability and acceptance of a rehabilitation protocol with a music-based serious game (SG) and its effect on rhythmic skills in Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: Sixteen PD patients with mild cognitive and motor impairments were included (mean [SD] age 65 [7.28] years and Hoehn & Yahr score 2-3).

Episodic memory decline in Parkinson' s disease: relation with white matter hyperintense lesions and influence of quantification method.

The relation of white matter hyperintense lesions to episodic memory impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is still controversial. We aimed at evaluating the relation between white matter hyperintense lesions and episodic memory decline in patients with PD. In this multicentric prospective study, twenty-one normal controls, 15 PD patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 13 PD patients with MCI were selected to conduct a clinico-radiological correlation analysis.

Rhythmic abilities and musical training in Parkinson's disease: do they help?

Rhythmic auditory cues can immediately improve gait in Parkinson's disease. However, this effect varies considerably across patients. The factors associated with this individual variability are not known to date.

A new tool to adapt the treatment of Parkinson's disease patients in nursing homes.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common condition in nursing home (NH) residents. The primary treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa therapy to relieve motor symptoms and maximize physical function. Non-motor symptoms are highly prevalent in NH residents with Parkinson's disease and dramatically decrease quality of life.

(+)- and (-)-Ecarlottones, Uncommon Chalconoids from Fissistigma latifolium with Pro-Apoptotic Activity.

Four new compounds, (+)- and (-)-ecarlottone (1), (±)-fislatifolione (5), (±)-isofislatifolione (6), and (±)-fislatifolic acid (7), and the known desmethoxyyangonin (2), didymocarpin-A (3), and dehydrodidymocarpin-A (4) were isolated from the stem bark of Fissistigma latifolium, by means of bioassay-guided purification using an in vitro affinity displacement assay based on the modulation of Bcl-xL/Bak and Mcl-1/Bid interactions. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations of compounds (+)-1 and (-)-1 were assigned by comparison of experimental and computed ECD spectra. (-)-Ecarlottone 1 exhibited a potent antagonistic activity on both protein-protein associations with K values of 4.

Effects of Sensitive Electrical Stimulation-Based Somatosensory Cueing in Parkinson's Disease Gait and Freezing of Gait Assessment.

This study aims to investigate the effect of a somatosensory cueing on gait disorders in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). After having performed stepping in place and timed up and go assessing tasks, 13 participants with PD were equipped with an electrical stimulator and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) located under the lateral malleolus on the sagittal plane. Electrodes were positioned under the arch of the foot and electrical stimulation (ES) parameters (five 500 µs/phase charge-balanced biphasic pulses delivered at 200 Hz, repeated four times at 10 Hz) adjusted to deliver a sensitive signal.