Rapid capture of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate at environmentally relevant concentrations via the 'mesh trap' of triazine-based polymer network: Mechanism and photocatalytic regeneration.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a serious threat to groundwater (GW) environment worldwide due to their difficulty in removal and high toxicity. In this study, the 'mesh trap' of triazine-based polymerization network (SNW-1) demonstrated rapid capture performance for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) at environmentally relevant concentrations (1 μg/L). The SNW-1 can remove more than 90 % of PFOA and PFOS within 300 s and still maintain superior performance under four common GW anions and different [pH] (3 - 10).

Iron-modified carriers accelerate biofilm formation and resist anammox bacteria loss in biofilm reactors for partial denitrification-anammox.

The slow formation of anammox biofilms presents a bottleneck for resolving anammox bacterial loss and achieving stable performance in biofilm-based partial denitrification-anammox (PD-A) processes. This study utilized iron-modified (K1/FeO NPs) carriers, which were prepared and used for the first time in PD-A processes. Parallel moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) indicated that iron-modified carriers facilitated the formation of biofilms at a faster rate than K1 carriers, consequently improving the nitrogen removal performance of the process by over 40 %.

Initiating an anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor by inoculation with starved anaerobic ammonium oxidation sludge and modified carriers.

Prolonged starved anammox sludge (SAS) obtained during initial rejuvenation was inoculated into a reactor together with activated sludge (AS), anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) and modified carriers consisting of honeycomb carrier with high biological interception and activated carbon carrier with high adsorption performance. SAS accounted for 5% of the inoculated sludge. The anammox process was started and operated at around 25℃.