Extension of the working time of dental composites due to a new type of white operating lamp.

Objectives: Dental composite materials for filling teeth are usually hardened by polymerisation lamps emitting blue light. However, the same wavelength is also emitted by light of dental operating lamps for lighting the oral cavity. Thus, the hardening of the composite is already initiated earlier, shortening the time of formability.

Helicopter Emergency Medical Service in Italy: A 2021 Update.

The purpose of this article is to describe the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) presently operating in Italy. The article details all currently operational HEMS bases and all currently used helicopters. A comparison with the HEMS situation in Italy as it was previously described in 2005 is discussed.

Effective Passive Cooling During Neonatal Transport.

We retrospectively evaluated the rectal temperature of 297 hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) outborn newborns who were passive-cooling transported by Neonatal Emergency Transport Service (Genoa and Rome, Italy) at their arrival in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. By a total of 1461 transports, 297 were for suspected HIE. Transferring suspected HIE newborn does not mean with certainty directing him/her to cooling treatment, but rather to monitoring and deepening in the hypothesis of starting hypothermia.

Neonatal Air Medical Transportation Practices in Italy: A Nationwide Survey.

The present article shows the current neonatal air transport organization and activity in Italy. The results were obtained on the basis of a recent 2019 survey (year of activity 2018) performed by the Neonatal Transport Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology. The total number of newborn transports during the year 2018 was 6,464.

European consensus recommendations for neonatal and paediatric retrievals of positive or suspected COVID-19 patients.

Background: The 2020 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic necessitates tailored recommendations addressing specific procedures for neonatal and paediatric transport of suspected or positive COVID-19 patients. The aim of this consensus statement is to define guidelines for safe clinical care for children needing inter-facility transport while making sure that the clinical teams involved are sufficiently protected from SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: A taskforce, composed of members of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) Transport section and the European Society for Paediatric Research (ESPR), reviewed the published literature and used a rapid, two-step modified Delphi process to formulate recommendations regarding safety and clinical management during transport of COVID-19 patients.

Rethinking the neonatal transport ground ambulance.

Objectives: This article describes the detailed project aimed to realize a dedicated ground ambulance for neonatal emergency transport service (NETS). To date, the European Community rules specify requirements for the design, testing, performance, and equipping of road ambulance used for transport and care of adult injured or ill patients, completely ignoring neonatal transport.

Methods: The project consisted of electric and gas supply planning, interior design taking into account ergonomic and occupant protection principles, both during travel and during medical care performances.

Nationwide survey of neonatal transportation practices in Italy.

Background: Despite regionalization of perinatal care provides for the "in utero" transfer of high-risk pregnancies, there will always be a number of neonates who undergo acute inter-facility transport. The presence of a well-organized Neonatal Emergency Transport Service (NETS) can prevent and reduce risks of transportation, especially for very preterm infants, and is therefore mandatory for any program of regionalization of perinatal care. Italian National Health System is highly decentralized and Regions are autonomous to structure, plan and delivery their regional health services.

Multispectral X-ray imaging to distinguish among dental materials.

Purpose: Dual-energy X-ray imaging is widely used today in various areas of medicine and in other applications. However, no similar technique exists for dental applications. In this study, we propose a dual-energy technique for dental diagnoses based on voltage-switching.

Construction and in vitro test of a new electrode for dentin resistance measurement.

It is necessary to reduce the tooth substance before treating a tooth with a dental crown. The preparation often requires reduction of the dentin. This results in a dentin wound and a thinner substance over the pulp, increases the risk of inflammation, and could result in necrosis of the pulp.

On the effect of an internal light conductor on the marginal integrity of class-II composite fillings.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the marginal behavior of class-II double surface fillings made with newly designed light transmitting inserts. These inserts guide the polymerization light directly into the body of the filling.

Material And Methods: Sixty standardized two-surface cavities have been prepared into freshly extracted human molars and filled with Herculite XRV.

[Light-induced control of polymerization shrinkage of dental composites by generating temporary hardness gradients].

Irradiation of light-curing dental filling materials in a single direction results in a temporary hardness gradient in the direction of the irradiation. The photoactivated polymerisation process begins at the site of the highest light intensity. In the simplest possible model, the polymerizing composites irradiated in a single direction shows three adjacent co-existing phases: an almost hardened, a gelled and a still plastic phase.

Posteruptive changes of electrical resistance values in fissure enamel of premolars.

In studies about 15-25% of the caries-free teeth proved to have as low electrical resistance values as carious teeth, due probably to incomplete enamel maturation. It was the aim of the present prospective clinical study to investigate, if an increase in electrical resistance values could be observed after the eruption of premolars. The electrical resistance measurements were performed in children who were patients of the Dental School of the University of Marburg, Germany.

The electrical resistance of enamel-dentine cylinders. Influence of NaCl content in storage solutions.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of different electrolyte concentrations on the electrical resistance of sound human enamel-dentine cylinders in vitro.

Methods: Forty cylinders of 3-mm diameter and 2-mm length were drilled from 40 extracted caries-free third molar teeth. For ease of handling the samples were fixed in Perspex discs by means of a cyanoacrylate-adhesive.

[Studies on the specific electric resistance of the dentin of human teeth].

Electric current produced by corrosion of metals or used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes has to pass through the dentin to reach the pulp. The electric resistance of the dentin, which influences the dentinal current intensity, is poorly documented in the literature. In this study 140 cylindrical dentin samples of human teeth were collected from four different regions of the tooth crown and their specific electrical resistance was measured.

[Non-invasive method of measuring dentin resistance to the limit of the preparation depth].

Electrical resistance measurements may be used to determine the situation of the pulp horn tips of teeth prepared for crown restorations. The resistance value recorded for these sites of minimum dentin thickness depends on the thickness of the dentin layer and the degree of tooth development. A resistance value of 25 k omega revealed dentin thickness of 0.

[The bonding strength of metal-enamel bonds under tensile and torsion loading].

The tensile strength as well as the torsion shear strength of six bonding systems were tested for the bonding of bovine enamel to Ni-Cr alloy Wiron 88 after cyclic thermal shock. The tested systems were: first sandblasting and thereafter A) silicoating and Microfill pontic, B) Microfill pontic, C) electrolytic etching and Microfill pontic, D) an experimental material which was developed of Sebond MKV, E) Estiseal/Microfill pontic, F) electrolytic etching or Estiseal/Microfill pontic BO/KII. Compared to the other methods sandblasting and silicoating (A) significantly showed the best results (p less than 0.

[The use of the measurement for the electrical resistance in order to standardize experimental cavities].

For histological examination of the pulp responses to dental materials vital teeth are needed with an expected thickness of the cavity floor between 0.2 and 1.0 mm (DIN 13,930).

[Periodontal and caries prevention in patients with open maxillary defects following tumor surgery].

Patients with jaw defects resulting from tumors often have partially edentulous dentitions, because of the tumor surgery and, in most cases, advanced age. This dentition, however, can be preserved for many years and utilized in prosthodontic treatment if the principles of caries and periodontal prevention are carefully observed throughout therapy. Premature loss of teeth can only be avoided, if the prosthodontist sees the patient before surgery and before irradiation, so that the necessary measures can be taken in time.

[Enamel and dentin under the ultrasonic microscope].

Ultrasonic reflection scanning microscopy is a new method for imaging the known structures of dental hard tissues on the basis of a simple specimen preparation. The specimens are scanned in a physiologic humid environment. Particularly high-contrast images are obtained from enamel tufts and lamellae, dentin tubules and interglobular dentin.