A large-scale functional analysis of genes expressed differentially in insulin secreting MIN6 sublines with high versus mildly reduced glucose-responsiveness.

Molecular mechanisms of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells are not fully understood. GSIS deteriorations are believed to underlie the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By comparing transcript levels of 3 insulin secreting MIN6 cell sublines with strong glucose-responsiveness and 3 with mildly reduced responsiveness, we identified 630 differentially expressed genes.

Effects of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i, Alone or in Combination, on Mouse Models of Type 2 Diabetes Representing Different Disease Stages.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), in addition to lowering glucose, have pleiotropic effects on the heart, kidneys, and liver. These drugs have thus come into widespread use for treating type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, mechanistic comparisons and effects of combining these drugs have not been adequately studied.

Glucagon Response to Glucose Challenge in Patients with Idiopathic Postprandial Syndrome.

Background: Postprandial syndrome is characterized by hunger, weakness, and anxiety neurosis after meals. Although abnormal glucagon response is a suggested mechanism, inaccuracies in conventional glucagon measurement methods have prevented precise analysis. Recently, a more reliable dual-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glucagon was developed.

Using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange to engineer MIN6 insulin-secreting cells based on a newly identified safe harbor locus.

Aims/introduction: Recent studies have identified genomic and transcript level changes along with alterations in insulin secretion in patients with diabetes and in rodent models of diabetes. It is important to establish an efficient system for testing functional consequences of these changes. We aimed to generate such a system using insulin-secreting MIN6 cells.

Inverse Correlation Between Grip Strength and Serum Phosphorus: A Retrospective Observational Study in Japanese Elderly with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with sarcopenia among elderly patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM). We retrospectively analyzed 41 patients with type 2 DM, aged ≥65 years who required diabetes education hospitalization. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of a weakened hand grip, and clinical characteristics were compared.

A Single Episode of Hypoglycemia as a Possible Early Warning Sign of Adrenal Insufficiency.

A 65-year-old woman without a history of diabetes mellitus was admitted for elective total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis. There were no specific complaints except for knee flexion contractures, and the results of preoperative tests were unremarkable. On the day of surgery, the patient suffered from a hypoglycemic attack (52 mg/dL) after preoperative overnight fasting.

Two Adult Siblings With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 With Different Phenotypes Presenting With Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency and Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and myotonia along with multiple organ system involvements. Overall, DM1 patients show reduced life expectancy, mainly due to respiratory or cardiac abnormalities. Chronic respiratory impairment is associated with increased morbidity in DM1.

Acute esophageal necrosis after cellulitis in an obese patient with diabetes mellitus.

A 59-year-old obese Japanese man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with severe heartburn for 3 days after inguinal cellulitis and exacerbated glycemic control, without any signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient had a high plasma glucose level (34.0 mmol/L) and was dehydrated.