Speed characteristics of speed pedelecs, pedelecs and conventional bicycles in naturalistic urban and rural traffic conditions.

To assess the potential impact of the higher speeds of pedal-assisted bicycles on safety, this study compared conventional bicycles, pedelecs and speed pedelecs (hereafter called s-pedelecs) on mean speeds, speed variability, harsh braking events (decelerations > 2 m/s), and mean speeds above the speed limit (MSAL) in rural and urban areas in the Netherlands Data were collected in daily traffic, while the legal maximum speed for speed-pedelecs was 25 km/h, and pedelecs and s-pedelecs shared the infrastructure with conventional bicycles. Data were collected, using two-wheelers equipped with accelerometers and GPS. Personality factors - sensation seeking and risk taking - were measured with surveys.

Effects of Southern Hemisphere Wind Changes on the Meridional Overturning Circulation in Ocean Models.

Observations show that the Southern Hemisphere zonal wind stress maximum has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Eddy-resolving ocean models show that the resulting increase in the Southern Ocean mean flow meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is partially compensated by an increase in the eddy MOC. This effect can be reproduced in the non-eddy-resolving ocean component of a climate model, providing the eddy parameterization coefficient is variable and not a constant.

Zfp423 binds autoregulatory sites in p19 cell culture model.

Zfp423 is a 30 zinc finger transcription factor that forms regulatory complexes with EBF family members and factors targeted by canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations produce a range of developmental abnormalities in mice and humans related to the ciliopathies. Surprisingly, computational analysis of clustered Zfp423 and partner motifs in conserved genomic sequences predicts enrichment in Zfp423 and Ebf genes.

The use of troponin in general practice.

Background: General practitioners are able to measure cardiac troponin in order to help triage patients with symptoms suspicious of acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the utilisation of cardiac troponin testing in the community.

Methods: An audit of all cardiac troponin testing in an urban community from a single laboratory in 2010 was performed.

Efficacy, efficiency and safety aspects of hydrogen peroxide vapour and aerosolized hydrogen peroxide room disinfection systems.

Background: This was a head-to-head comparison of two hydrogen-peroxide-based room decontamination systems.

Aim: To compare the efficacy, efficiency and safety of hydrogen peroxide vapour (HPV; Clarus R, Bioquell, Andover, U.K.

A solid-state approach to enable early development compounds: selection and animal bioavailability studies of an itraconazole amorphous solid dispersion.

A solid-state approach to enable compounds in preclinical development is used by identifying an amorphous solid dispersion in a simple formulation to increase bioavailability. Itraconazole (ITZ) was chosen as a model crystalline compound displaying poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Solid dispersions were prepared with different polymers (PVP K-12, K29/32, K90; PVP VA S-630; HPMC-P 55; and HPMC-AS HG) at varied concentrations (1:5, 1:2, 2:1, 5:1 by weight) using two preparation methods (evaporation and freeze drying).

Desorption behavior of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in contaminated low organic carbon aquifer sediments.

Slow release behavior of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and chloroform (CHCl(3)) in low organic carbon (<0.1%) deep aquifer sediments was quantified by 1-D column desorption studies with intact cores. The compounds had been in contact with the sediments for 30years.

An ancestral variant of Secretogranin II confers regulation by PHOX2 transcription factors and association with hypertension.

Granins regulate secretory vesicle formation in neuroendocrine cells and granin-derived peptides are co-released with neurotransmitters as modulatory signals at sympathetic sites. We report evidence for association between a regulatory polymorphism in Secretogranin II (SCG2) and hypertension in African-American subjects. The minor allele is ancestral in the human lineage and is associated with disease risk in two case-control studies and with elevated blood pressure in a separate familial study.

Zfp423 controls proliferation and differentiation of neural precursors in cerebellar vermis formation.

Neural stem cells and progenitors in the developing brain must choose between proliferation with renewal and differentiation. Defects in navigating this choice can result in malformations or cancers, but the genetic mechanisms that shape this choice are not fully understood. We show by positional cloning that the 30-zinc finger transcription factor Zfp423 (OAZ) is required for patterning the development of neuronal and glial precursors in the developing brain, particularly in midline structures.

ROR alpha in genetic control of cerebellum development: 50 staggering years.

The staggerer mutation was first identified at the Jackson Laboratory in 1955. In the ensuing half-century, studies of staggerer mice have provided new insights into developmental neurobiology, gene regulatory networks, and circadian behavior. Recent work has expanded the role of RORalpha, the transcription factor mutated in staggerer, to peripheral tissues, including cholesterol and lipid metabolism, immune function, and bone development.

An overview of chemotherapy-induced emesis highlighting the role of lorazepam as adjuvant therapy.

By preventing and optimizing emesis control in patients receiving chemotherapy, clinicians may significantly improve patients' functional status and quality of life. Improved tolerability may lead to greater patient acceptance of chemotherapy and prevent premature withdrawal or cessation of treatment. Controlling chemotherapy-induced emesis also helps to decrease the direct and indirect costs of managing cancer.

An overview of chemotherapy-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy, focusing on oxaliplatin.

When treating patients for metastatic cancer, there is always a balance between the benefits of treatment and resulting side-effects. Peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) is a side-effect of many anticancer agents used in routine practice. Oxaliplatin is a relatively new agent currently licensed in over 50 countries including France, Germany and the UK for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Depressogenic medication as an aetiological factor in major depression: an analysis in a clinical population of depressed elderly people.

Objective: To study the role of depressogenic medication in the aetiology of major depression in the elderly.

Background: Depression can be caused, provoked or sustained by drugs prescribed for other reasons. The evidence for this statement is based on case-reports, not on investigations in relevant populations.

Treatment, outcome and predictors of response in elderly depressed in-patients.

Background: Full recovery rates in naturalistic studies of the treatment of elderly depressives are invariably lower than in clinical trials. This may be the result of inadequate treatment due to lack of clear treatment strategy recommendations for the elderly.

Method: This is a naturalistic prospective study of depressed elderly in-patients in three Dutch psychiatric hospitals.

The role of mesoscale tracer transports in the global ocean circulation.

Ocean models routinely used in simulations of the Earth's climate do not resolve mesoscale eddies because of the immense computational cost. A new parameterization of the effects of these eddies has been implemented in a widely used model. A comparison of its solution with that of the conventional parameterization shows significant improvements in the global temperature distribution, the poleward and surface heat fluxes, and the locations of deep-water formation.

Synthesis of benzyl and allyl ethers of D-glucopyranose.

Starting from allyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as a key intermediate, the following crystalline compounds were prepared: 2-O-allyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (11) and its p-nitrobenzoate; 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-D-arabinofuranose (12) and the corresponding arabinitol; allyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (7); 3,4,6-tri-o-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (8); 2-0-allyl 3, 4-di-o-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (17) and its bis(p-nitrobenzoate); and 3,4-di-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose (19). The p-nitrobenzoates of compounds 11 and 17 are potential intermediates for the synthesis of the glycolipids of the cytoplasmic membranes of Streptococci.