The assessment of dupilumab in children with moderate-to-severe asthma and comorbid type 2 inflammatory diseases.

Background: Dupilumab inhibiting the signaling of interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-13 was recommended for the treatment of severe asthma in children ≥ 6 years old according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA,2024).This study aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and comorbid type 2 inflammatory disease in a real-world population.

Methods: We evaluated the medical records of paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and comorbid type 2 inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic rhinitis (AR), receiving dupilumab treatment.

Specific convulsions and brain damage in children hospitalized for Omicron BA.5 infection: an observational study using two cohorts.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate over time, and reports on children infected with Omicron BA.5 are limited. We aimed to analyze the specific symptoms of Omicron-infected children and to improve patient care.

Respiratory infections in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome with CD40LG mutation: a case series of seven children in China.

Background: X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (XHIGM), a primary immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene(CD40LG), presents with recurrent respiratory infections in pediatric patients. We aimed to evaluate the spectrum of clinical features and respiratory pathogens in pediatric patients with XHIGM in China.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed seven pediatric patients who were diagnosed with XHIGM and received follow-up treatment at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center between January 2010 and January 2021.

Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) in Diagnosing Pneumonia of Children.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children; the pathogens are often difficult to diagnose. In this study, the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 112 children with confirmed pneumonia has been evaluated. mNGS performed a significantly higher positive detection rate (91.

Two novel mutations in TCIRG1 induced infantile malignant osteopetrosis: a case report.

Background: Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a higher bone density in bone marrow caused by the dysfunction of bone resorption. Clinically, IMO can be diagnosed with medical examination, bone mineral density test and whole genome sequencing.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 4-month-old male infant with abnormal skull development, hypocalcemia and premature closure of the cranial sutures.

Peripheral immune profile of children with Talaromyces marneffei infections: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases.

Background: Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is an opportunistic pathogen that infects immunodeficient children. The aim of the study is to determine the clinical features and peripheral immune state of Talaromyces marneffei (T.

Frequency of asthma exacerbation in children during the coronavirus disease pandemic with strict mitigative countermeasures.

Background: Strict countermeasures for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were undertaken in China without knowing their influence on asthma.

Objective: To investigate the associations between the frequencies of asthma exacerbations and respiratory infections and air pollutants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were direct consequences of countermeasures undertaken for the pandemic.

Methods: Asthma exacerbations and respiratory infections among hospitalized children in the permanent population of Guangzhou City, China, from February to June 2016-2019 (before the pandemic) to February to June 2020 (during the pandemic) were collected in this cross-sectional study in Guangzhou.

Differential proteomic analysis of children infected with respiratory syncytial virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the main cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. However, there is no effective treatment for RSV infection. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers to aid in the treatment of RSV infection.

Switch from Polymorphic to Homogenous Self-Assembly of Virus-Like Particles of Simian Virus 40 through Double-Cysteine Substitution.

Self-assembled virus-like particles (VLPs) hold great potential as natural nanomaterials for applications in many fields. For such purposes, monodisperse size distribution is a desirable property. However, the VLPs of simian virus 40 (SV40), a representative VLP platform, are characterized by polymorphism.

Clinical manifestations and risk factors of adenovirus respiratory infection in hospitalized children in Guangzhou, China during the 2011-2014 period.

To evaluate epidemiology and risk factors of severe adenovirus respiratory infection in hospitalized children in Guangzhou, China.A retrospective review study was conducted, and 542 children hospitalized for adenovirus respiratory infection, were included from January 2011 to December 2014. Patients were younger than 14 years.

Encapsulation of Inorganic Nanomaterials inside Virus-Based Nanoparticles for Bioimaging.

Virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) can serve as containers for inorganic nanomaterials with excellent physical and chemical properties. Incorporation of nanomaterials inside the inner cavity of VNPs has opened up lots of possibilities for imaging applications in the field of biology and medicine. Encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in VNPs can achieve the labeling of VNPs with nanoprobes and maintain the original outer surface features of VNPs at the same time.

Effect and mechanism of calpains on pediatric lobar pneumonia.

Lobar pneumonia, one of the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is a common pediatric low respiratory tract infection. Calpains are Ca-activated cysteine proteases whose activation mechanism is elusive. The present study was undertaken to detect the role and mechanism of calpains in pediatric lobar pneumonia.

Hypoxemia is an independent predictor of bronchiolitis obliterans following respiratory adenoviral infection in children.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an uncommon and severe sequela of chronic obstructive lung disease in children that results from an insult to the lower respiratory tract. Few prognostic factors achieved worldwide acknowledgment. In the present study, we retrospectively collected the children with respiratory adenoviral infection and identified the predictive factors of BO.

Chinese herbal medicine formula Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao-Tang attenuates airway inflammation by modulating Th17/Treg balance in an ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model.

Gu-Ben-Fang-Xiao-Tang (GBFXT) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula consisting of 11 medicinal plants, which has been used in the treatment of asthma. The present study aimed to determine the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of GBFXT on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. A total of 50 mice were randomly assigned to the following five experimental groups: Normal, model, montelukast (2.

Imbalance of Peripheral Th17 and Regulatory T Cells in Children with Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchial Asthma.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) accompanying with bronchial asthma (BA). 24 children with AR, 22 children with BA, 18 children with AR accompanying with BA, and 20 healthy controls were recruited. The prevalence of peripheral blood Th17 and Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry.

MicroRNA expression profile in exosome discriminates extremely severe infections from mild infections for hand, foot and mouth disease.

Background: Changes of miRNAs in exosome have been reported in different disease diagnosis and provided as potential biomarkers. In this study, we compared microRNA profile in exosomes in 5 MHFMD and 5 ESHFMD as well as in 5 healthy children.

Methods: Different expression of miRNAs in exosomes across all the three groups were screened using miRNA microarray method.

Proteomic analysis of extremely severe hand, foot and mouth disease infected by enterovirus 71.

Background: To clarify the molecular mechanisms that participate in the severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) infected by Enterovirus 71 and to detect any related protein biomarkers, we performed proteomic analysis of protein extracts from 5 extremely severe HFMD children and 5 healthy children.

Methods: The protein profiles of them were compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using mass spectrometry.

Epithelial apoptosis and loss in airways of children with asthma.

Objective: To examine loss and apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells in children with asthma.

Methods: We examined endobronchial biopsies from 13 asthmatic children and 11 non-asthmatic control subjects with other respiratory diseases. Postmortem samples were obtained from six children who died from non-respiratory diseases.

[Galectin-7 is associated with bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthmatic children].

Objective: It is supposed that bronchial epithelial cells responses to the environmental stimuli are different between asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals, which contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. These different responses produce different mediators. If differential gene expressions are found in bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals after the same stimuli in vitro, and these genes are overexpressed in asthmatic children in vivo, then it is concluded that these genes may be associated with asthma.