Comparing the response surfaces of two cholinolytics when used in combination with physostigmine as a pretreatment against organophosphate challenge.

Physostigmine (PHY) is currently being evaluated as a potential pretreatment against nerve agent challenge. Although it might provide increased protection against nerve agent-induced incapacitation, it is nonetheless behaviorally toxic itself. Addition of a cholinolytic adjunct is expected to significantly reduce this behavioral toxicity.

Lingual epithelium of spontaneously hypertensive rats has decreased short-circuit current in response to NaCl.

Alterations in ion transport associated with hypertension have been found in a variety of organs. We used a modified Ussing chamber to compare the NaCl dependence of the short-circuit current across the dorsal lingual epithelium in vitro from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with that from Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The short-circuit current in response to mucosal NaCl was less in SHR than in WKY at hyperosmotic concentrations (above 0.

Efficacy of a combination of acetylcholinesterase reactivators, HI-6 and obidoxime, against tabun and soman poisoning of mice.

The bispyridinium oxime HI-6, 1-((((4-amino-carbonyl)pyridinio)methoxy) methyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium dichloride monohydrate, combined with atropine is an effective treatment for soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) poisoning but is relatively ineffective against tabun (ethyl N-dimethyl phosphoroamidocyanidate) poisoning in mice. This contrasts with those results obtained using the bispyridinium oxime obidoxime[1,1'-(oxy bis(methylene)) bis(4-(hydroxyimino)methyl) pyridinium dibromide]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the combination of HI-6 and obidoxime plus atropine against poisoning by tabun and soman in mice.

Prospective study of catheter replacement and other risk factors for infection of hyperalimentation catheters.

To determine risk factors for infection of hyperalimentation catheters, we prospectively studied 169 catheter systems (88 patients) by using a semiquantitative culture technique. Infection occurred in 24 (14%) catheters (16 patients), was inversely proportional to the number of previous catheters inserted by the operator (P less than .02), and was proportional to the interval between admission and catheter insertion (P less than .