Role of immune-checkpoint LAG3 as a biomarker finding tool in patient-derived organoid cultures of breast cancer.

LAG3 plays a regulatory role in immunity and emerged as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule comparable to PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and a potential target for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. We generated 3D cancer cultures as a model to identify novel molecular biomarkers for the selection of patients suitable for α-LAG3 treatment and simultaneously the possibility to perform an early diagnosis due to its higher presence in breast cancer, also to achieve a theragnostic approach. Our data confirm the extreme dysregulation of LAG3 in breast cancer with significantly higher expression in tumor tissue specimens, compared to non-cancerous tissue controls.

Classifying breast cancer and fibroadenoma tissue biopsies from paraffined stain-free slides by fractal biomarkers in Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy.

Breast cancer is one of the most spread and monitored pathologies in high-income countries. After breast biopsy, histological tissue is stored in paraffin, sectioned and mounted. Conventional inspection of tissue slides under benchtop light microscopes involves paraffin removal and staining, typically with H&E.

Influence of Breast Cancer Extracellular Vesicles on Immune Cell Activation: A Pilot Study.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. It is well known that breast cancer shows significant alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of a variety of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, that have a key role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in breast cancer patients. Luminal B (BT474) and triple-negative breast cancer (HS578T) cell lines were cultured in 2D and 3D model systems.

Identification of Immune Cell Components in Breast Tissues by a Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Approach.

Immune cell components are able to infiltrate tumor tissues, and different reports described the presence of infiltrating immune cells (TILs) in several types of solid tumors, including breast cancer. The primary immune cell component cells are reported as a lymphocyte population mainly comprising the cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, with varying proportions of helper (CD4+) T cells and CD19+ B cells, and rarely NK cells. In clinical practice, an expert pathologist commonly detects TILs areas in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histological slides via light microscopy.

Primary non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac: a rare case of aggressive tumor and literature review.

Primary malignant lymphomas of the lacrimal sac are rare neoplasms. They are mainly B-cell lymphoma with nonspecific and atypical symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis and a delay in the appropriate cure. Early diagnosis made by biopsy and the right choice of treatments can increase the chance of survival.

[Macrocytosis of red blood cells and early arthritis positive for rheumatoid factor such as initial manifestations of a neuroendocrine gastrin-secreting gastric tumor.].

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent uncommon tumors arising from the excessive proliferation of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells (so-called Kulchitsky cell). Gastric NETs (GNET) represent less than 2% of all NETs and less than 1% of all stomach neoplasms. In particular, gastric NETs type 1 (associated to chronic atrophic gastritis and hypergastrinaemia) is the more frequent one, accounting for 70-80% of all GNET.

Multicentric encapsulated papillary oncocytic neoplasm of the thyroid: A case diagnosed by a combined cytological, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular approach.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of oncocytic lesions is challenging. In fact, oncocytic changes occur in inflammatory, hyperplastic, and neoplastic settings, including both benign and malignant tumors. The rare oncocytic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), shows papillae composed by cells with large oncocytic granular cytoplasm featuring clear PTC nuclear features.

Vulvar lymphoedematous pseudotumours mistaken for aggressive angiomyxoma: report of two cases.

Background: We describe 2 cases of vulvar pseudotumour due to lymphatic obstruction with chronic lymphoedema of unknown cause that presented as a solitary mass that mimicked aggressive angiomyxoma.

Material And Methods: Both patients presented with a vulvar mass without medical history of trauma, surgery in the anogenital region or skin diseases. One patient was overweight (BMI = 26).