Integrated enhancer regulatory network by enhancer-promoter looping in gastric cancer.

Enhancer -regulatory elements play critical roles in gene regulation at many stages of cell growth. Enhancers in cancer cells also regulate the transcription of oncogenes. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of long-range chromatin interactions, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility and expression in two gastric cancer (GC) cell lines compared to normal gastric epithelial cells.

Genomic Analysis of Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Pancreas with Squamous Differentiation: A Case Report.

Pancreatic cancer is an intractable malignancy associated with a dismal prognosis. Undifferentiated carcinoma, a rare subtype, poses a clinical challenge owing to a limited understanding of its molecular characteristics. In this study, we conducted genomic analysis specifically on a case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas exhibiting squamous differentiation.

Integrated environmental, lifestyle, and epigenetic risk prediction of primary gastric neoplasia using the longitudinally monitored cohorts.

Background: DNA methylation accumulates in non-malignant gastric mucosa after exposure to pathogens. To elucidate how environmental, methylation, and lifestyle factors interplay to influence primary gastric neoplasia (GN) risk, we analyzed longitudinally monitored cohorts in Japan and Singapore.

Methods: Asymptomatic subjects who underwent a gastric mucosal biopsy on the health check-up were enrolled.

Inverse relationship between amount and tumor CD274 (PD-L1) expression in colorectal carcinoma.

Objectives: The CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) immune checkpoint axis is known to regulate the antitumor immune response. Evidence also supports an immunosuppressive effect of . We hypothesised that tumor CD274 overexpression might be inversely associated with abundance of in colorectal carcinoma.

Association of frequent hypermethylation with high grade histological subtype in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma is classified morphologically into five histological subtypes according to the WHO classification. While each histological subtype correlates with a distinct prognosis, the molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Here we conducted DNA methylation analysis of 30 lung adenocarcinoma cases annotated with the predominant histological subtypes and three normal lung cases using the Infinium BeadChip.

Association of tumors having Epstein-Barr virus in surrounding lymphocytes with poor prognosis.

Infection with certain viruses is an important cause of cancer. The Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium recently analyzed the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 2656 cases across 21 cancer types, and indicated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in many different cancer cases at a higher frequency than previously reported. However, whether EBV-positive cancer cases detected by WGS-based screening correspond to those detected by conventional histopathological techniques is still unclear.

DNA Methylation and Genetic Aberrations in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. GC is a pathologically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. DNA hypermethylation in promoter CpG islands causes silencing of tumor-suppressor genes and thus contributes to gastric carcinogenesis.

Relationship between time-varying status of reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori and progression to long-segment Barrett's esophagus: time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards analysis.

Background: Reflux esophagitis (RE) and absence of Helicobacter pylori (non-H. pylori) are considered to be associated with the progression to long-segment Barrett's esophagus (LSBE). However, it is difficult to assess this association because RE and H.

Cross-species chromatin interactions drive transcriptional rewiring in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric adenocarcinoma.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several human malignancies including 8-10% of gastric cancers (GCs). Genome-wide analysis of 3D chromatin topologies across GC lines, primary tissue and normal gastric samples revealed chromatin domains specific to EBV-positive GC, exhibiting heterochromatin-to-euchromatin transitions and long-range human-viral interactions with non-integrated EBV episomes. EBV infection in vitro suffices to remodel chromatin topology and function at EBV-interacting host genomic loci, converting H3K9me3 heterochromatin to H3K4me1/H3K27ac bivalency and unleashing latent enhancers to engage and activate nearby GC-related genes (for example TGFBR2 and MZT1).

Arteritis and Plexiform Lesion in Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration: The First Case With Such Two Distinct Complex Lesions Associated With Local Pulmonary Hypertension.

In intralobar pulmonary sequestrations, vascular changes similar to those in pulmonary hypertension (PH) are generally observed, such as intimal proliferation and plexiform lesions. However, to our knowledge, a sequestrated lung manifesting vascular changes with both arteritis and a plexiform lesion has never been reported. A 25-year-old man was diagnosed with intralobar pulmonary sequestration.

Association between visceral abdominal obesity and long-segment Barrett's esophagus in a Japanese population.

Background: Visceral abdominal obesity is associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE), especially long-segment BE (≥ 3 cm) (LSBE), in white individuals. However, the association between central obesity and LSBE has not been well investigated in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between central obesity and LSBE in the Japanese population.

Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Short-segment/Long-segment Barrett's Esophagus in a Japanese Population: A Large Cross-Sectional Study.

Goal: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and short-segment and long-segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE and LSBE).

Background: H.

Cerebral amyloid-β-related angiitis without cerebral microbleeds in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Amyloid-β-related angiitis (ABRA), a subtype of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is vasculitis occurring in relation to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the walls of intracranial blood vessels. ABRA is presumed to be caused by some immune response to the deposited Aβ. An 81-year-old man on oral anticoagulant therapy complained of headache, nausea, and difficulty with standing after a head injury.

Intrahepatic Carcinosarcoma With Cholangiocarcinoma Elements and Prominent Bile Duct Spread.

Carcinosarcomas with elements of cholangiocarcinoma and sarcoma are rare and have a poor prognosis. The spreading pattern and radiological findings of these lesions remain unclear. A 74-year-old man presented with a high γ-glutamyl transferase level.

Aortogenic Embolic Stroke Diagnosed by a Pathological Examination of Endovascularly Removed Thrombus: An Autopsy Report.

Complex aortic atheroma is a high-risk factor for recurrent embolic stroke. An accurate identification of stroke etiology is clinically important; however, it can be challenging. A 91-year-old man with atrial fibrillation was diagnosed with cardioembolic stroke and treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Cerebral Thromboembolism after Lobectomy for Lung Cancer: Pathological Diagnosis and Mechanism of Thrombus Formation.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although molecular therapies have emerged as efficacious strategies for the treatment of lung cancer, surgical resection is still recommended as a radical therapeutic option. Currently, lobectomy is regarded as the most reliable radical treatment of primary lung cancer.

Intramucosal colorectal carcinoma with lymphovascular invasion: clinicopathological characteristics of nine cases.

Aims: Recent studies have provided the concept of invasive intramucosal colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and a case of intramucosal CRC with lymphatic invasion has been reported; however, the characteristics of such cases and the risk of lymph node metastasis have never been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to assess the pathological characteristics of intramucosal CRCs with lymphovascular invasion as well as the possibility of lymph node metastasis as an indication for additional surgery.

Methods And Results: To delineate the histological features of intramucosal CRCs with lymphovascular invasion, we analysed several histological features and compared their incidence among nine such cases, as well as 20 other cases of intramucosal CRCs without lymphovascular invasion.

Colon Metastasis From Microscopic Serous Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube Fimbria Mimicking a Primary Colon Cancer.

Metastatic diseases rarely develop in the colorectum, and diagnosing colorectal metastasis by biopsy without history of a malignant tumor or clinical information of a primary tumor is challenging. A 65-year-old woman with a 6-month history of constipation and diarrhea was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with rectosigmoid colonic micropapillary carcinoma. Low anterior resection was performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Cerebral Embolism Caused by Thrombus in the Pulmonary Vein Stump after Left Lower Lobectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cerebral embolism after left upper lobectomy caused by a thrombus in the pulmonary vein stump (PVS) is a serious complication. However, it is unclear if cerebral embolism can develop after other types of lobectomy. We present a case of a 68-year-old man with cerebral embolism after left lower lobectomy with a longer PVS than normal.

Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma of the Rectosigmoid Junction: A Rare Lesion Mimicking Mucosal Prolapse Syndrome and Other Neural Lesions.

In this article, we report the case of a 40-year-old woman with a sessile polyp of the rectosigmoid junction that underwent endoscopic resection. The resected specimen showed spindle cell proliferation with eosinophilic cytoplasm between mucosal crypts, mimicking mucosal prolapse syndrome. However, these were immunohistochemically positive for S-100, indicating neural cell origin.

An estrogen receptor-positive locally aggressive smooth muscle neoplasm of the transverse colon: A case report.

Rationale: Extrauterine leiomyomas (LMs) in women are often positive for the estrogen receptor (ER); however, almost all extrauterine leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are negative for ER. Invasive smooth muscle neoplasms (SMNs) of the gastrointestinal tract walls are very rare and those ER statuses have not been well studied.

Patient Concerns: A 48-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 10 years history of recurrent severe abdominal pain and diarrhea lasting about an hour, with frequency of about twice per year.