The potential high-risk population for lung cancer screening: determination of initial screening age and heterogeneity in histology and sex.

Background: In 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force expanded the initial age for lung cancer screening from 55 to 50 years, which other associations have not followed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficiary age range for lung cancer screening and assess the potential heterogeneity in tumor histology and patient sex.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2011 and 2016 were included.

Tumor therapeutics in the era of "RECIST": past, current insights, and future prospects.

In recent years, advancements in medical treatment and imaging technologies have revolutionized the assessment of tumor response. However, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) has long been established as the gold standard for evaluating tumor treatment. As treatment modalities evolve, the need for continuous refinement and adaptation of RECIST becomes increasingly apparent.

ANGPTL4-A protein involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and tumor development.

Since ANGPTL4 was discovered to be involved in lipid metabolism in 2000 for the first time, Angptl4 has attracted the attention of researchers. With the further research, it was found that angptl4 was also involved in many biological activities (glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, wound healing, tumor growth, etc.) in vivo.

Number of involved nodal stations predicts survival in small cell lung cancer.

Background: In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the pathological N category is identical to it in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and remains unchanged over a decade. Here we verified the discriminability of number of involved nodal stations (nS) in SCLC and compared its efficacy in predicting survival with currently used pathological nodal (pN) staging.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients who received operations and were pathologically diagnosed as SCLC at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between 2009 and 2019.

The supraclavicular approach in the management of cervicothoracic-junction benign neurogenic tumors: A real-world analysis.

Objectives: The study objectives were to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and risk of neurologic complications with the supraclavicular approach in the operative management of cervicothoracic-junction benign neurogenic tumors.

Methods: Between January 2012 and April 2023, 115 patients who underwent surgical resection for cervicothoracic-junction benign neurogenic tumors were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the surgical approach: supraclavicular alone (Supraclav-Alone), n = 16; Transthoracic-Alone (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery/Open), n = 87; and supraclavicular combined with transthoracic (Supraclav + video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery/open), n = 12.

Neoadjuvant camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) plus chemotherapy or apatinib (a VEGFR-2 inhibitor) for initially unresectable stage II-III non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, two-arm, phase 2 exploratory study.

This multicentre, two-arm, phase 2 study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy or apatinib in patients with initially unresectable stage II-III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eligible patients regardless of PD-L1 expression received neoadjuvant camrelizumab 200 mg and platinum-doublet chemotherapy every 3 weeks (arm A) or those with PD-L1-positive tumors received neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib 250 mg once daily (arm B), for 2-4 cycles, followed by surgery. The primary endpoint was major pathological response (MPR) rate.

Insights into the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma through single-cell transcriptomic analysis: Implications for distinct immunotherapy outcomes.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a key strategy to the therapy landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, notable differences in immunotherapeutic outcomes exist between the two primary NSCLC subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This disparity may stem from the tumor immune microenvironment's heterogeneity at the transcriptome level.

Safety and efficacy of delayed completion lobectomy following wedge resection segmentectomy-a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Data regarding the safety and efficacy of delayed completion lobectomy (CL) following sublobar resections remain scant. We evaluated the technical difficulty and short-term outcomes of CL occurring at least 3 months following the anatomical segmentectomy or wedge resection.

Methods: Consecutive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent a second resection within the same lobe at least 3 months after their initial resection from January 2013 to December 2019 at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were retrospectively included.

Effect of NLRP3 Inflammasome on Lung Cancer Immune Microenvironment Activation and Its Mechanism.

Objective: The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a dual role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and its role in lung cancer remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of NLRP3 inflammasome activation on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells.

Methods: Data from the GEPIA, TCGA, and HPA databases were utilized to analyze the expression of NLRP3 in lung adenocarcinoma and its microenvironment.

Limited resection is comparable to lobectomy for tumor size ≤ 2 cm pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) has a rare incidence with better prognosis than nonmucinous adenocarcinoma. We aimed to investigate the prognosis between limited resection and lobectomy for patients with clinical stage IA IMA ≤ 2 cm.

Methods: Data were taken from two cohorts: In Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (SPH) corhort, we identified 403 patients with clinical stage IA IMA who underwent surgery.

MAIT cells are associated with responsiveness to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in COPD-associated NSCLC.

Background: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience worse clinical outcomes but respond better to immunotherapy than patients with NSCLC without COPD. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a versatile population of innate immune T lymphocytes, have a crucial function in the response to infection and tumors. This study investigated the distribution of MAIT cells in COPD-associated NSCLC and their involvement in the immune response.

Surgical strategies for benign acquired tracheoesophageal fistula.

Objectives: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is characterized by abnormal connectivity between the posterior wall of the trachea or bronchus and the adjacent anterior wall of the oesophagus. Benign TEF can result in serious complications; however, there is currently no uniform standard to determine the appropriate surgical approach for repairing TEF.

Methods: The PubMed database was used to search English literature associated with TEF from 1975 to October 2023.

Pulmonary Function Recovery and Displacement Patterns After Anatomic Segmentectomy vs Lobectomy.

Background: The functional benefit of segmentectomy compared with lobectomy remains controversial. This ambispective study characterizes the changes in pulmonary function as correlated to displacement patterns of residual lung after segmentectomies vs lobectomies.

Methods: Patients with normal preoperative pulmonary function and undergoing segmentectomy or lobectomy between 2017 and 2021 were considered.

Proteogenomic characterization of small cell lung cancer identifies biological insights and subtype-specific therapeutic strategies.

We performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using paired tumors and adjacent lung tissues from 112 treatment-naive patients who underwent surgical resection. Integrated multi-omics analysis illustrated cancer biology downstream of genetic aberrations and highlighted oncogenic roles of FAT1 mutation, RB1 deletion, and chromosome 5q loss. Two prognostic biomarkers, HMGB3 and CASP10, were identified.

Recurrence prediction of lung adenocarcinoma using an immune gene expression and clinical data trained and validated support vector machine classifier.

Background: Immune microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer from onset to relapse. Machine learning (ML) algorithm can facilitate the analysis of lab and clinical data to predict lung cancer recurrence. Prompt detection and intervention are crucial for long-term survival in lung cancer relapse.

Surgery for bronchiectasis-destroyed lung: feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and surgical outcomes.

Objectives: To provide the experience of surgical treatment for bronchiectasis-destroyed lung (BDL) and evaluate the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).

Methods: BDL patients underwent surgical treatment between January 2013 and June 2018 were included. Logistic regression was performed to assess factors for major complications, and Cox's regression was performed to assess factors affected symptomatic outcome.

Use of an autologous dermal flap and rib cartilage graft in the repair of a large tracheoesophageal fistula with tracheal stenosis.

Management of large tracheoesophageal fistulas complicated by tracheal stenosis remains challenging as it requires an ideal replacement for the membranous defect as well as a permanent buttress to reconstruct the stenotic segment. We present the successful use of an autologous free dermal flap reinforced with a pedicled pectoralis major muscle to repair the tracheal membranous wall and a rib cartilage graft to enlarge the tracheal lumen.

Neoadjuvant Afatinib for stage III EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study.

Afatinib, an irreversible ErbB-family blocker, could improve the survival of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLCm+). This phase II trial (NCT04201756) aimed to assess the feasibility of neoadjuvant Afatinib treatment for stage III NSCLCm+. Forty-seven patients received neoadjuvant Afatinib treatment (40 mg daily).

Prognostic factors and role of postoperative radiotherapy in surgically resected thymomas.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors in and role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for surgically resected thymomas.

Methods: A total of 1540 patients with pathologically confirmed thymomas undergoing resection between 2000 and 2018 were identified retrospectively from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. Tumors were restaged as local (limited to thymus), regional (invasion to mediastinal fat and other neighboring structures), or distant stage.

Multiparametric MRI for evaluation of pathological response to the neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the predictive value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) quantitative parameters for the response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy (NCIT) in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, so as to provide a basis for clinical individualized precision treatment.

Methods: Treatment naive locally advanced NSCLC patients who enrolled in 3 prospective, open-label, and single-arm clinical trials and received NCIT were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Functional MRI imaging was performed at baseline and following 3 weeks of treatment as an exploratory endpoint to evaluate treatment efficacy.