Pathological findings of infraorbital nerve enlargement in IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

Purpose: We report a case of bilateral infraorbital nerve enlargement (IONE) associated with immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related ophthalmic disease and describe the associated histopathologic findings.

Case: An otherwise healthy 59-year-old man presented with bilateral exophthalmos and right visual disturbance. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral IONE and a soft tissue mass in the right orbit.

Computed tomographic evaluation of anatomic relationship between the paranasal structures and orbital contents for endoscopic endonasal transethmoidal approach to the orbit.

Objective: Some recent reports have described the endoscopic endonasal removal of orbital tumors. However, the surgical anatomy for an endoscopic endonasal approach has not yet been clearly described. The first aim of this study is to examine the anatomic relationship between the paranasal and orbital structures with the use of computed tomographic imaging and to find useful landmarks for a transethmoidal approach to the orbital retrobulbar space.