Therapeutic potential of short-chain fatty acids for acute lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical animal studies.

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from the fermentation of dietary fiber by intestinal commensal bacteria, have demonstrated protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI) in animal models. However, the findings have shown variability across different studies. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of these treatments and their consistency.

Role of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Heat Stress-Induced Endothelial Hyperpermeability in Acute Lung Injury.

Objective: To study the role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by heat stress, to further explore the signal pathway by which RAGE contributes to heat-induced endothelia response, and thereby find a novel target for the clinical treatment of ALI (acute lung injury) induced by heatstroke.

Methods: This study established the animal model of heatstroke using RAGE knockout mice. We observed the role of RAGE in acute lung injury induced by heatstroke in mice by evaluating the leukocytes, neutrophils, and protein concentration in BALF (Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids), lung wet/dry ratio, histopathological changes, and the morphological ultrastructure of lung tissue and arterial blood gas analysis.

Effect of Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) on Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation Puncture and Its Relevance to Spleen.

Background: Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36), Quchi (LI11), and Tianshu (ST25) is commonly used in septic patients by traditional Chinese physicians. The protective effect of acupuncture at ST36 on the intestinal barrier is associated with Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway (CAIP). However, its detailed mechanism and whether acupuncture at LI11 and ST25 have similar effects to ST36 remain unclear.

Si-ni-tang (a Chinese herbal formula) for improving immunofunction in sepsis: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Immunologic derangement may be the critical pathophysiologic mechanism in sepsis, and immunotherapy might be a potential new treatment. Si-ni-tang (SNT), an ancient Chinese herbal formula documented in Shanghan Lun, has been used for treating severe sepsis for thousands of years. Research shows that it may have a therapeutic benefit for sepsis.

Successful low-dosage thrombolysis of massive pulmonary embolism in primigravida: A case report.

Rational: Thrombolysis in primigravida with hemodynamic instability is controversial, especially treatment with low-dosage recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), and related studies are extremely rare. Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old primigravida diagnosed with an acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE) that prompted initiation of thrombolysis with low-dose alteplase.

Patient Concerns: The patient was admitted to the Emergency Department with chief complaints of a sudden onset of extremely dyspnea, chest tightness, and confusion over a 6-hour period.

Sini Decoction Improves Adrenal Function and the Short-Term Outcome of Septic Rats through Downregulation of Adrenal Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression.

Background: Sini Decoction (SND) is composed of Debeaux, Roscoe, and Fisch, having been used in China for centuries for collapsing phrase of disease. Studies reported that SND could alleviate inflammatory response, ameliorate microcirculatory disturbances, and improve shock reversal and adrenal gland glucocorticoid stress response during sepsis shock, yet the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is demonstrated to be crucially correlated with the corticosterone secretion and the impaired adrenal glucocorticoid responses in sepsis.

[Protective effects of ulinastatin against acute lung injury induced by heatstroke in mice].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of ulinastatin (UTI) against acute lung injury induced by heatstroke in mice.

Methods: Sixty C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 10 mice in each: control group, heatstroke group, UTI pretreatment group, saline pretreatment group, UTI post-treatment group, saline post-treatment group. The control mice were housed at a controlled room temperature of (22∓1) degrees; celsius, and the other groups were placed inside a temperature and humidity controlled chamber pre-set at 37 degrees; celsius and 60%.

NF-κB signaling is essential for resistance to heat stress-induced early stage apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Cell apoptosis induced by heat stress is regulated by a complex signaling network. We previously reported that a p53-dependent pathway is involved. Here, we present evidence that NF-κB signaling plays a crucial role in preventing heat stress-induced early apoptosis.

Heat stress-induced disruption of endothelial barrier function is via PAR1 signaling and suppressed by Xuebijing injection.

Increased vascular permeability leading to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is central to the pathogenesis of heatstroke. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), the receptor for thrombin, plays a key role in disruption of endothelial barrier function in response to extracellular stimuli. However, the role of PAR1 in heat stress-induced endothelial hyper-permeability is unknown.

Xuebijing injection reduces organ injuries and improves survival by attenuating inflammatory responses and endothelial injury in heatstroke mice.

Background: The pathogenesis of heatstroke is a multi-factorial process involved with an interplay among subsequent inflammation, endothelial injury and coagulation disturbances, which makes pharmacological therapy of heatstroke a challenging problem. Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine used to sepsis, has been reported to suppress inflammatory responses and restore coagulation disturbances. However, little is known about the role of XBJ in heatstroke.