[Design, synthesis and activity of N-acyl-thiochromenothiazol-2-amine as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors].

A series of novel N-acyl-thiochromenothiazol-2-amine derivatives were designed and synthesized, furthermore, their inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase was investigated. N-Acyl-thiochromenothiazol-2-amines were prepared from thiophenol by Hantzsch reaction, acylation reaction and substitution reaction. Moreover, their bioactivities as AChE inhibitors in vitro were measured with Ellman spectrophotometry.

[Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors].

N-Acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines were designed and synthesized, moreover their effects on acetylcholinesterase activities were tested. N-Acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines were prepared from substituted 2-bromo-1-acetophenones by three steps reaction, and their AChE inhibitory activities were measured by Ellman method in vitro. The results showed that the target compounds had a certain inhibitory activity on AChE in vitro.

One-pot three-component synthesis of 3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-[phenyl(phenylthio)methyl]cyclohex-2-enone derivatives under ultrasound.

3-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-[phenyl(phenylthio)methyl]cyclohex-2-enone is synthesized via one-pot three-component reactions of aromatic aldehyde, substituted thiophenol and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione catalyzed by p-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) under ultrasound. Under ultrasound irradiation the yields are much higher (sometimes substantially, by almost double) and the reaction time decreases substantially, the reaction conditions are milder. This method provides several advantages such as environment friendliness, high yields and simple work-up procedure and the protocol provides a novel alternative for the synthesis of thioether.

[Design, synthesis and evaluation of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors].

A series of novel 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized, furthermore, their inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase were investigated. 2-Amino-4-phenylthiazoles were prepared from alpha-bromoacetophenones by Hantzsch reaction, acylation reaction and substitution reaction. Moreover, their bioactivities as AChE inhibitors in vitro were measured with Ellman spectrophotometry.

Synergism and rules of the new combination drug Yiqijiedu formulae (YQJD) on ischemic stroke based on amino acids (AAs) metabolism.

The use of combination drugs is considered to be a promising strategy to control complex diseases such as ischemic stroke. The detection of metabolites has been used as a versatile tool to reveal the potential mechanism of diverse diseases. In this study, the levels of 12 endogenous AAs were simultaneously determined quantitatively in the MCAO rat brain using RRLC-QQQ method.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel bisindolylalkanes analogues.

In an effort to develop potent anti-cancer chemopreventive agents that act on topoisomerase II, a novel series of bisindolylalkanes analogues such as 3,3'-(thiochroman-4,4-diyl)bis(1H-indole) are synthesized. Structures of all compounds are elucidated by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and HRMS. Anti-proliferative activities for all of these compounds are investigated by the method of MTT assay on 7 human cancer lines.

[Determination of endogenous amino acids in brain tissues after cerebral ischemia by RRLC-QQQ].

Objective: To establish a method to determine underivatized endogenous amino acids in brain tissues after cerebral ischemia based on RRLC-QQQ.

Method: Diamonsil chromatographic column C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted to determine 12 amino acids in 15 min, with acetonitrile-0.

An ion-pair principle for enantioseparations of basic analytes by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using the di-n-butyl L-tartrate-boric acid complex as chiral selector.

A chiral recognition mechanism of ion-pair principle has been proposed in this study. It rationalized the enantioseparations of some basic analytes using the complex of di-n-butyl l-tartrate and boric acid as the chiral selector in methanolic background electrolytes (BGEs) by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). An approach of mass spectrometer (MS) directly confirmed that triethylamine promoted the formation of negatively charged di-n-butyl l-tartrate-boric acid complex chiral counter ion with a complex ratio of 2:1.

[Advance of studies on metabolic fingerprinting analytical techniques and data processing methods].

Metabolomics is an emerging discipline subsequent to genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, aiming for systematically studying the regularity of changes in metabolite to revealing organism's nature of movement and metabolism. It is especially important in modern pharmacological studies. Metabolic fingerprinting analysis is a method for metabolic analysis on high throughput of all metabolites, studying changes in drugs, organisms and endogenic metabolites caused by drugs and finding out related biomarkers to reflect dynamic changes inside organisms more directly and explain the mechanism of drugs and their effects on diseases.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of syringin from the bark of Ilex rotunda thumb using response surface methodology.

In this work, a rapid extraction method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of syringin from the bark of Ilex rotunda Thumb using response surface methodology (RSM) is described. The syringin was analyzed and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The extraction solvent, extraction temperature and extraction time, the three main factors for UAE, were optimized with Box-Behnken design (BBD) to obtain the highest extraction efficiency.

[Design, synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of 3-substituted-methylenechroman-4-ones].

Substituted phenols as the starting materials were transformed into substituted chromanones by substitution reaction and cyclization reaction, and then 3-(hydroxymethylene)chroman-4-ones were synthesized from substituted chromanones by condensation reaction; at last, the target compounds were synthesized from 3-(hydroxymethylene)chroman-4-ones by chlorination reaction. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. The antifungal activity of the target compounds in vitro was measured by consecutive double dilution, and the result of antifungal experiment indicated that the target compounds had good antifungal action on most fungi tested in vitro.

In situ synthesis of twelve dialkyltartrate-boric acid complexes and two polyols-boric acid complexes and their applications as chiral ion-pair selectors in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis.

In this paper, twelve dialkyltartrate-boric acid complexes and two polyols-boric acid complexes were in situ synthesized by the reaction of different dialkyltartrates or polyols with boric acid in methanol containing triethylamine. All of the twelve dialkyltartrate-boric acid complexes were found to have relatively good chiral separation performance in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). Their chiral recognition effects in terms of both enantioselectivity (α) and resolution (R(s)) were similar when the number of carbon atoms was below six in the alkyl group of alcohol moiety.

Response surface modeling and optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of four lignans from fructus schisandrae.

A new method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) modeling and optimization has been developed for the extraction of four lignans in Fructus Schisandrae (the fruits of Schisandra chinensis Baill). The RSM method, based on a three level and three variable Box-Behnken design (BBD), was employed to obtain the optimal combination of extraction condition. In brief, the lignans schizandrin, schisandrol B, deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B were optimally extracted with 87% ethanol as extraction solvent, extraction temperature of 160 ° C, static extraction time of 10 min, extraction pressure of 1,500 psi, flush volume of 60% and one extraction cycle.

Hypoglycemic effect of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides and compound K on Type 2 diabetes mice induced by high-fat diet combining with streptozotocin via suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Compound K (CK) is a final intestinal metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides (PDG) from Panax ginseng. Although anti-diabetic activity of CK have been reported with genetic mouse models (db/db mice) in recent years, the therapeutic usefulness of CK and PDG in type 2 diabetes, a more prevalent form of diabetes, remains unclear. In the present investigation, we developed a mouse of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that closely simulated the metabolic abnormalities of the human disease.

The use of response surface methodology to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of five anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum L.

In this paper, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to the extraction of anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) from Rheum palmatum L. The five anthraquinones were quantified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The extraction solvent, extraction temperature and extraction time parameters, the three main factors for UAE, were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest extraction efficiency.

Di-n-amyl L-tartrate-boric acid complex chiral selector in situ synthesis and its application in chiral nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis.

A chiral selector, di-n-amyl L-tartrate-boric acid complex, was in situ synthesized by the reaction of di-n-amyl L-tartrate with boric acid in a nonaqueous background electrolyte (BGE) using methanol as the medium. And a new method of chiral nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) was developed with the complex as the chiral selector. It has been demonstrated that the chiral selector is suitable for the enantioseparation of some β-blockers and β-agonists in NACE.

[Fluorescence resonance energy transfer quenching method for determination of arsenic with acridine orange-rhodamine B].

A new method for the determination of trace arsenic was developed by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer from acridine orange (AO) to rhodamine B (RB). It was found that under the condition of lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 470/580 nm, effective energy transfer could occur between AO and RB in the dodecyl benzene sodium sulfonate solution. The fluorescence intensity of RB was diminished by molybdoarsenide which was formed by the reaction of arsenic (V) with molybdate in sulfuric acid medium.

[Determination of vitamin B12 concentration by fluorescence quenching with acridine orange-rhodamine 6G energy transfer system].

An energy transfer technique between acridine orange (AO) and rhodamine 6G (R6G) was studied, and the optimum experimental conditions of energy transfer were defined. It was found that the effective energy transfer could occur between AO and R6G in the dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate solution with Na2 HPO4-citric acid buffer solution at pH 5.0.

[Study on the enantiomer separation of cetirizine dihydrochloride using proteinate- and amylose-based chiral stationary phase].

Aim: To study the chromatographic behavior of cetirizine dihydrochloride on the proteinate- and amylose- based chiral stationary phases so as to optimizate the chromatographic condition of its enantiomers separation.

Methods: When using amylose-based, alpha1-acid glycoprotein and ovomucoid protein chiral stationary phase, the mobile phase was hexane-isopropyl alcohol-alcohol-trifluoroacetic acid (430:45:25:1), acetonitrile-10 mmol x L(-1) phosphate buffer solution (adjusted to pH 7.0 with sodium hydroxide) (4:96) and acetonitrile-20 mmol x L(-1) KH, PO4 solution (adjusted to pH 7.

[Determination of eliminating ratio of Chinese traditional medicine for hydroxyl radical by fluorescent spectrophotometry].

Benzoic acid with weak fluorescence may react on .OH, and products with intense fluorescence are made. Extractives of Chinese traditional medicine may eliminate .

[Application of resilient backpropagation neural network in predicting hydrophobic parameters of alkylbenzenes].

Artificial neural networks have been applied for predicting the hydrophobic parameters of alkylbenzene. Compared with traditional methods it has the advantages of simple operation and wide applications. Based on error back propagation neural networks the relationship among the molecular connectivity index (chi), van der Waals surface area (Aw) and hydrophobic parameter was studied, meanwhile the mathematical model was established and used to predict the hydrophobic parameters.

[Chiral separation of enantiomers of synthesized amlodipine and its intermediate by capillary electrophoresis].

A capillary electrophoretic method for the chiral separation of enantiomers of synthesized amlodipine and its intermediate was developed. Several cyclodextrins (CDs) were applied as the chiral selectors and it was found that the ionic modified carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CM-beta-CD) could give satisfactory enantioselectivity. In addition, the effects of the pH value of the buffer system, the concentration of the CD and the voltage on the chiral separation were investigated.