Associations of Cooking Salt Intake During Pregnancy with Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age Newborns: A Large Cohort Study.

Excessive salt intake has been strongly associated with multiple health conditions, while evidence linking salt consumption during pregnancy and birth outcomes remains limited. We aimed to investigate the association between salt intake during pregnancy and adverse outcomes of birth weight. Our study was based on a prospective cohort study that has followed 4267 mother-child pairs since 2017 in Shanghai, China.

Monounsaturated fatty acids from plant or animal sources and risk of type 2 diabetes in three large prospective cohorts of men and women.

Aims/hypothesis: Existing evidence on the relationship between intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and type 2 diabetes is conflicting. Few studies have examined whether MUFAs from plant or animal sources (MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As, respectively) exhibit differential associations with type 2 diabetes. We examined associations of intakes of total MUFAs, MUFA-Ps and MUFA-As with type 2 diabetes risk.

Associations of an overall healthy lifestyle with the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects up to one-third of the global population. Since no approved pharmacotherapy for MAFLD is available, lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of clinical care. Our study aims to evaluate the association of an overall healthy lifestyle with MAFLD risk.

Associations of sugary beverage intake with type 2 diabetes and the role of physical activity: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Higher consumption of sugary beverages (SB) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but whether these associations are modified by physical activity remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations of SB intake, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), and natural juices (NJ) with the risk of incident T2D, and the potential role of physical activity.

Methods: We included 153,862 diabetes-free participants in the UK Biobank who completed both the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at recruitment (2006-2010) and at least one 24-h dietary recall questionnaire in 2009-2012.

Prospective study of depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular diseases in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: To prospectively examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with higher risks of incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Included were 17,031 participants from UK Biobank with type 2 diabetes who were free of depression (identified by self-reported medical history, hospital record, and antidepressant use), and composite CVD, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure (HF). Cox proportional hazards models were applied to examine the association between depressive symptoms measured by Patient Health Questionaire-2 (PHQ-2) and incident composite CVD and its subtypes, adjusting for potential confounders.

Oral microbiome diversity and diet quality in relation to mortality.

Aim: To examine the independent and joint associations of oral microbiome diversity and diet quality with risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Materials And Methods: We included 7,055 eligible adults from the U.S.

The Causal Effect of Serum Lipid Levels Mediated by Neuregulin 4 on the Risk of Four Atherosclerosis Subtypes: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Background: Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) was known to be associated with serum lipid levels and atherosclerosis. However, it is unknown whether the role of NRG4 in lipid homeostasis is causal to atherosclerosis and whether the effect is beneficial across different atherosclerosis subtypes.

Methods: We investigated the causal role of the levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides regulated by NRG4 in subtypes of atherosclerosis through two sample Mendelian randomization.

Healthy lifestyles in relation to cardiometabolic diseases among schoolteachers: A cross-sectional study.

Background: We aimed to explore the associations of adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) among schoolteachers in China.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 2983 teachers (aged 39.8 ± 9.

Secular Trends in Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Among US Adults with Diabetes, 1999-2018.

Adherence to healthy lifestyle is essential for diabetes management in light of the plateaued metabolic control, diversifying causes of death, and continued excess mortality among people with diabetes (PWD). This study aims to assess the secular trend of adherence to healthy behaviors among PWD in NHANES, a nationally representative survey of Americans using a stratified, multistage probability design in 2-year cycles since 1999. Adherence to healthy lifestyle was estimated using never smoking, moderate drinking, adequate physical activity, and healthy diet, and the score ranged 0-4.

Iron Status and Risk of Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study in European Adults.

Background: The relevance of iron status biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), ischemic stroke (IS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is uncertain. We compared the observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of iron status biomarkers and hemoglobin with these diseases.

Methods And Results: Observational analyses of hemoglobin were compared with genetically predicted hemoglobin with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in the UK Biobank.

The potential causal path between periodontitis stage diagnosis and vegetable consumption is mediated by loss of posterior functional tooth units and masticatory function.

Aim: Emerging evidence points to a two-way relationship between periodontitis and dietary choices and, thus, nutrition. This study aimed to assess the potential cause-effect relationship between the periodontitis stage, loss of functional tooth units (FTUs), masticatory function, and intake of different food groups using path analysis.

Materials And Methods: A single calibrated examiner determined the periodontitis stage of a consecutive sample of 241 Chinese subjects reporting for tooth replacement.

Cardiovascular risk burden, dementia risk and brain structural imaging markers: a study from UK Biobank.

Background: Cardiovascular risk burden is associated with dementia risk and neurodegeneration-related brain structure, while the role of genetics and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.

Aims: To examine the association of overall cardiovascular risk burden with the risk of major dementia subtypes and volumes of related brain regions in a large sample, and to explore the role of genetics and CVD onset.

Methods: A prospective study among 354 654 participants free of CVD and dementia (2006-2010, mean age 56.

Family History of AD/Dementia, Polygenic Risk Score for AD, and Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Co-occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been observed. However, there is limited knowledge on how family history of AD is associated with PD.

Objectives: To prospectively examine the associations of family history of AD/dementia and polygenic risk score for AD (AD-PRS) with PD risk.

Associations of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet with brain structural markers and their changes.

Introduction: The associations of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with brain structural changes are unclear.

Methods: Among 26,466 UK Biobank participants, a 15-point MIND score was calculated from 24-hour diet recalls from 2009 to 2012. We assessed its associations with 17 magnetic-resonance-derived brain volumetric markers and their longitudinal changes and explored whether genetic factors modify the associations.

Denture use and risk for cardiometabolic disease: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses.

Aims: Denture use may potentially increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), but the casual relevance and strength of the associations are currently unknown.

Methods And Results: A total of 495 938 participants from the UK Biobank were included in the observational analyses. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression and Mendelian randomization analyses were employed to estimate genetic correlation and the associations between the genetic liability for denture use with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), any stroke (AS), ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and related clinical risk factors.

Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cognitive Function in Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The Cognitive role of untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been less well substantiated.

Objective: We sought to explore the prospective association of T2DM and untreated T2DM with cognitive function among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Methods: Data of 7,230 participants without baseline brain damage/mental retardation, or memory-related diseases in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011- 2012 to 2015, were analyzed.

Prevalent stroke, age of its onset, and post-stroke lifestyle in relation to dementia: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: The association of age at stroke onset with dementia and the role of post-stroke lifestyle on dementia risk remains unclear.

Methods: We leveraged data of 496,251 dementia-free participants from UK Biobank and explored the relationship between age at stroke onset and incident dementia. Among 8328 participants with stroke history, we further investigated the association of a healthy lifestyle with risk of dementia.

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and brain structural imaging markers.

Previous research has linked specific modifiable lifestyle factors to age-related cognitive decline in adults. Little is known about the potential role of an overall healthy lifestyle in brain structure. We examined the association of adherence to a healthy lifestyle with a panel of brain structural markers among 2,413 participants in PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE) study in China and 19,822 participants in UK Biobank (UKB).

Sugary beverages and genetic risk in relation to brain structure and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The relation of intake of sugary beverages and genetic predisposition to the long-term risk of dementia and brain structure remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially-sweetened beverages (ASBs), and natural juices (NJs) and the genetic predisposition with dementia risk and brain structure.

Methods: We included 177,926 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline and followed them until March 2021.

Long-term variability in physiological measures in relation to mortality and epigenetic aging: prospective studies in the USA and China.

Background: Visit-to-visit body weight variability (BWV), pulse rate variability (PRV), and blood pressure variability (BPV) have been respectively linked to multiple health outcomes. The associations of the combination of long-term variability in physiological measures with mortality and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) remain largely unknown.

Methods: We constructed a composite score of physiological variability (0-3) of large variability in BWV, PRV, and BPV (the top tertiles) in 2006/2008-2014/2016 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and 2011-2015 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Age- and sex-specific modifiable risk factor profiles of dementia: evidence from the UK Biobank.

Dementia constitutes a worldwide concern. To characterize the age- and sex-specific modifiable risk factor profiles of dementia, we included 497,401 UK Biobank participants (mean age = 56.5 years) without dementia at baseline (2006-2010) and followed them until March 2021.

Sleep Duration and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Among People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: People with type 2 diabetes may have insufficient or prolonged sleep that could accelerate cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset, but existing evidence from prospective studies has been limited. We examined the association of sleep duration with CVD incidence and mortality in this high-risk population.

Research Design And Methods: This prospective study included 18,876 participants with type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank who were free of CVD and cancer at baseline.

Association of the number of natural teeth with dietary diversity and nutritional status in older adults: A cross-sectional study in China.

Aim: To investigate the association of the number of natural teeth with overall dietary diversity and nutritional status in a nationally representative study among older adults in China.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. According to the self-reported number of natural teeth, participants were categorized into ≥20, 10-19, 1-9 natural teeth, and edentulous.