Single-step multiplex conventional and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection and subtype differentiation of Influenza A virus in swine.

Because pigs are considered intermediate hosts for the emergence of novel influenza virus reassortants with associated zoonotic potential, monitoring and characterization of circulating influenza viruses in pigs are important for adequate control of infection. For this, rapid molecular diagnostic methods other than immunoassays are needed. Three novel single-step multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed in the current study for simultaneous detection and subtype differentiation of Influenza A virus in pigs.

Genetic diversity of porcine Norovirus and Sapovirus: Canada, 2005-2007.

Noroviruses and sapoviruses are members of the family Caliciviridae and emerging enteric pathogens of humans and animals. Since their discovery and characterization in swine, relatively few strains have been described in detail. In order to investigate their genetic diversity, a total of 266 fecal samples collected in the province of Quebec, Canada, between 2005 and 2007 were screened for the presence of caliciviruses by RT-PCR using broadly reactive primers.

Estimated kyphosis and lordosis changes at follow-up in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

The objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of surface measurements to estimate the magnitude of sagittal curvature changes at follow-up. Ninety-seven patients with idiopathic scoliosis were evaluated at two different visits (interval: 15.7 months).

Additive effects of genotype, nutrient availability and type of tissue damage on the compensatory response of Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia to simulated herbivory.

Plant responses to herbivory include tolerance (i.e. compensatory growth) and defense.