Hypoxia-induced PD-L1 expression and modulation of muscle stem cell allograft rejection.

Stem cell therapy has shown immense promise in treating genetic disorders, particularly muscular diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study investigates a novel method to enhance the viability of stem cell transplants in DMD by upregulating Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) through preconditioning with hypoxia and/or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to mitigate T cell immune rejection. MuSCs were treated with 5% hypoxia for 72 h and further treated with IFN-γ to enhance PD-L1 expression.

Blood Clots Used as Natural Biomaterials for Antibiotic Delivery in Vitro.

Introduction: The search for an optimal drug delivery system capable of addressing a wide range of wounds and defects in regenerative medicine remains a challenge. Blood clots (BCs) have been implicated as a promising candidate due to their natural occurrence, autologous nature, and potential for tissue repair. The aim of this study is to investigate BC as a vehicle for antibiotic delivery and its effectiveness in infection control.

Hypoxia-induced cancer cell reprogramming: a review on how cancer stem cells arise.

Cancer stem cells are a subset of cells within the tumor that possess the ability to self-renew as well as differentiate into different cancer cell lineages. The exact mechanisms by which cancer stem cells arise is still not completely understood. However, current research suggests that cancer stem cells may originate from normal stem cells that have undergone genetic mutations or epigenetic changes.