Medical students' intention to integrate digital health into their medical practice: A pre-peri COVID-19 survey study in Canada.

Objective: We aimed to explore the factors that influence medical students' intention to integrate dHealth technologies in their practice and analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their perceptions and intention.

Methods: We conducted a two-phased survey study at the University of Montreal's medical school in Canada. The study population consisted of 1367 medical students.

Educators and practitioners' perspectives in the development of a learning by concordance tool for medical clerkship in the context of the COVID pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced medical schools to create educational material to palliate the anticipated and observed decrease in clinical experiences during clerkships. An online learning by concordance (LbC) tool was developed to overcome the limitation of students' experiences with clinical cases. However, knowledge about the instructional design of an LbC tool is scarce, especially the perspectives of collaborators involved in its design: 1- educators who wrote the vignettes' questions and 2- practitioners who constitute the reference panel by answering the LbC questions.

Dentin interaction with universal adhesive containing isopropanol solvent studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Objective: This study investigated the chemical and structural changes in the mineral phase and collagen of dentin during application of a mild universal adhesive. Particular attention was paid to the role of isopropanol and changes in water molecules.

Methods: In vitro application of the mild universal adhesive on dentin with two established etching modes (self-etch and etch-and-rinse) was studied using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Characterization of hydrogenated dentin components by advanced H solid-state NMR experiments.

Collecting information about molecular organisation on biological materials such as bone and dentin represents a major challenge in attaining a better understanding of their mechanical properties. To that end, solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopic study is an appropriate strategy to provide atomic structural details on these amorphous composite materials. However, species like water molecules and hydroxyl groups are usually observed through H magic angle spinning (MAS) ssNMR that suffers from poor resolution due to strong signal overlapping, making their identification difficult.

Investigation of ethanol infiltration into demineralized dentin collagen fibrils using molecular dynamics simulations.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction of neat ethanol with bound and non-bound water in completely demineralized dentin that is fully hydrated, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The key to creating ideal resin-dentin bonds is the removal of residual free water layers and its replacement by ethanol solvent in which resin monomers are soluble, using the ethanol wet-bonding technique. The test null hypotheses were that ethanol cannot remove any collagen-bound water, and that ethanol cannot infiltrate into the spacing between collagen triple helix due to narrow interlayer spacing.

Water distribution in dentin matrices: bound vs. unbound water.

Objective: This work measured the amount of bound versus unbound water in completely-demineralized dentin.

Methods: Dentin beams prepared from extracted human teeth were completely demineralized, rinsed and dried to constant mass. They were rehydrated in 41% relative humidity (RH), while gravimetrically measuring their mass increase until the first plateau was reached at 0.

Fluid flow through dentin-self-etch resin interface during long term in vitro aging.

This work aimed at characterizing the interface between dentin and the resin-infiltrated dentin made following the etching procedure that prepares for the bonding of tooth-colored restorations. The non-destructive measurement of fluid flow through the dentin-self-etch resin interface was followed repeatedly during a two year aging period. Two self-etch adhesive systems were selected for experiments on the evolution of permeability and evaluation of infrared spectral changes following the 24 month aging period.

Depletion of water molecules during ethanol wet-bonding with etch and rinse dental adhesives.

The treatment of demineralized dentin with ethanol has been proposed as a way to improve hydrophobic monomer penetration into otherwise water saturated collagen fibrils. The ethanol rinse is expected to preserve the fibrils from collapsing while optimizing resin constituent infiltration for better long term adhesion. The physico-chemical investigations of demineralized dentin confirmed objectively these working hypotheses.

Critical surface energy of composite cement containing MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) and chemical bonding to hydroxyapatite.

Self-adhesive composite cements are increasingly used for cementing inlays/onlays, intraradicular posts, crowns and laminate veneers. Wider clinical acceptance is driven by simpler and faster handling procedures, much like observed for self-etching adhesives. 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) is a bi-functional monomer incorporated as the reactive ingredient in a contemporary self-adhesive cement.

Modifications of the organic and mineral fractions of dental tissues following conditioning by self-etching adhesives.

Objectives: Our objective was to analyse the acid strengths and concentrations in contemporary self-etch adhesives and test whether the adhesion/decalcification concept functions the same way for all products.

Methods: The self-etching adhesives were dissolved in a 50% water-ethanol solvent, these were reacted with biological apatite (HA) in the form of powder of human dentine in order to quantify calcium release and study the reaction products as a function of acid strengths and concentrations. The four self-etching adhesives investigated were AdheSE One (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Adper Easy Bond (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), Optibond All-In-One (KERR, Orange, CA, USA), Xeno V (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany).

Solvent composition of one-step self-etch adhesives and dentine wettability.

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the wettability of dentine by four commercial self-etch adhesives and evaluate their spreading rate on the dentine surface. Any correlation with chemical composition was sought, particularly with the amount of solvent or HEMA present in the adhesive. The adhesives used were AdheSE One, Optibond All.

Water permeability, hybrid layer long-term integrity and reaction mechanism of a two-step adhesive system.

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the reaction mechanism of formation of the hybrid layer by a HEMA-containing self-etch adhesive and to study fluid filtration, contact angle and interfacial ultrastructure by SEM following a 1 year ageing period.

Methods: Acidic behaviour and chemical interactions between Silorane System Adhesive and dentine were studied by potentiometric titrations, atomic absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The hydrophilicity of the adhesive was evaluated using the sessile drop method and dentine permeability by hydraulic conductance.

HEMA reactivity with demineralized dentin.

Objectives: 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) was compared to its epoxy analogue, glycidoxypropylmethacrylate (GMA), for reactivity with 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid (Lysine), an amino acid present in collagen possessing a reactive amino side chain. The aim was to verify whether HEMA could chemically react with collagen fibers.

Methods: Capillary electrophoresis was used to analyse reaction products together with computer aided chemistry.

Effects of dentine moisture on the permeability of total-etch and one-step self-etch adhesives.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the technique sensitivity of a one-bottle total-etch adhesive and a self-etch primer adhesive to the moisture condition of the dentine substrate.

Methods: The methods used were hydraulic conductance, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Results: When the moisture conditions of the dentine surface are modified with respect to the standard, the bonded interfaces obtained with the one-bottle total-etch Adper Scotch Bond 1 XT (SB) and the all-in-one self-etch Adper Prompt L-Pop (AP) are morphologically highly perturbed.

Does strontium play a role in the cariostatic activity of glass ionomer? Strontium diffusion and antibacterial activity.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of strontium ions on the main pathogens of the oral flora. The leaching of strontium from resin modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) was evaluated together with its uptake by superficial dental enamel.

Methods: The antibacterial activity was measured by the growth inhibition method following exposure of supra- and sub-gingival bacteria to a range of strontium concentrations (0.

Morphological study of fiber-reinforced post-bonding system-root dentin interface by evaluation of two bonding systems.

Unlabelled: Morphological study of fiber post/bonding system/root dentin interface by evaluation of two bonding systems.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the interfaces, and thus the seal, between root dentin and bonded fiber-reinforced posts. The interfaces were obtained by applying two enamel-dentin adhesive systems, a one-bottle system used after application of phosphoric acid and a self-etch system, both used with an adhesive cement.

Acrylophosphonic acid reactivity with calcium ions and biological apatite.

Objectives: Acrylophosphonic acid (H(2)L) was reacted with biological apatite originating from dental enamel powder in order to identify and study the reaction products formed during the use of self-etch monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) showed the formation of brushite and a calcium salt of acrylophosphonic acid. This Ca salt was further synthesized and characterized by NMR, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and chromatography coupled with potentiometric analysis.

Evaluation of the enamel etching capacity of six contemporary self-etching adhesives.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of six contemporary self-etch primers/adhesives to demineralize ground enamel by means of ultrastructural analysis of the etching surface under SEM and by spectroscopic measurement of the percentage of calcium and phosphate ions dissolved.

Methods: Seventy non-carious extracted human third molars were sub-divided into 2 groups of 35 teeth each. The teeth of the first group were ground to expose flat, polished enamel surfaces 3-4mm thick.

The role of acrylophosphonic acid monomers in the formation of hybrid layers based on self-etch adhesives.

Unlabelled: The role of acrylophosphonic acid monomers in the formation of hybrid layers based on self-etch adhesives.

Objectives: Our plan was to define the reaction products formed when an acrylophosphonic acid reacts with tooth hard tissue. Our aim was to describe the incorporation of the reaction products in the hybrid layer formed.

Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing.

This study had two aims: determine how well four esthetic restorative materials lent themselves to polishing and compare the results obtained using two different techniques for evaluating surface roughness. The four materials used were two composites modified by the addition of resin, Dyract AP (Dentsply) and Dyract Flow (Dentsply); one composite designed for posterior restorations, SureFil (Dentsply) and one universal micromatrix composite, Esthet-X (Dentsply). Five test pieces were made with each product by inserting the material into cylindrical molds and polymerizing it layer by layer.

Microscopic evaluation of dentin interface obtained with 10 contemporary self-etching systems: correlation with their pH.

This study investigated micromorphological differences in the hybridized complex formed using 10 commercially available self-etch bonding systems. In addition, the influence of the pH of the primer of these adhesives was evaluated. The self-etching systems tested were AdheSE, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Clearfil SE Bond, Etch&Prime 3.

Release of aqueous calcium and phosphate from human dental enamel following administration of self-etching adhesives.

Seven self-etching adhesives were studied on an experimental reconstituted human enamel model. The objective was to evaluate the acid dissociation step of the enamel minerals. The self-etching products were applied to the enamel specimens according to the manufacturers' instructions and then rinsed with distilled water.