Views on wet nursing and expressing breastmilk for sharing and human milk bank donation among mothers in two parenting social media communities in Vietnam.

Nutrition in early life plays a key role in shaping an infant's future health. There is limited understanding of the perspectives of Vietnamese mothers with children under 24 months of age regarding breastmilk expression, donation and use. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was administered through two parenting social media communities to assess opinions on breastmilk expression, breastmilk donation including contributions from bereaved mothers and the use of donor human milk.

Promoting Respectful Maternity Care by Reducing Unnecessary Episiotomies: Experiences from Centers of Excellence for Breastfeeding in Vietnam.

(1) Background: Routine episiotomy is not recommended by international guidelines; however, it occurs at a high rate in Vietnam. (2) Methods: A process to reduce unnecessary episiotomies was developed and implemented as part of the Centers of Excellence for Breastfeeding initiative, which aims to deliver high-quality breastfeeding and early essential newborn care services within a supportive policy environment. The aim of this project report is to outline the steps undertaken to reduce episiotomies, the experience in pilot hospitals, and the process towards changing policy.

Global evidence of persistent violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes: A systematic scoping review.

The influence of marketing on infant and young child feeding and health is well recognized, and an International Code was adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981 to reduce inappropriate marketing and protect breastfeeding. Yet the marketing and influencing continue. This scoping review systematically examined the published research evidence on the nature and extent of exposure to International Code violations from 1981 to August 2021.

Evidence of Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes since the Adoption by the World Health Assembly in 1981: A Systematic Scoping Review Protocol.

This is the protocol for a scoping review that aims to systematically explore and summarise the published evidence of violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) and subsequent World Health Assembly Resolutions globally. The planned scoping review will seek to identify what research has been conducted on the topic, examine the geographic spread and nature of violations, and summarise knowledge gaps. The Code was adopted in 1981 by the World Health Assembly to protect infant health, in particular from aggressive and inappropriate marketing of breastmilk substitutes including formula and related products.

Measuring Mothers' Viewpoints of Breast Pump Usage.

Breastfeeding has short- and long-term positive influences on the health and wellbeing of the child. There are situations where breastfeeding does not occur and expressed or pumped mother's milk is used. Mothers and healthcare providers report problems or negative views on using pumps in studies across the globe.

Marketing Breast Substitutes: A Discussion Document.

Marketing influences knowledge, attitudes, and decisions related to infant and young child nutrition, safety, development, parental confidence, and other aspects of health and wellbeing of the child. These attitudes and behaviours of parents, health workers, policy makers, and other influencers have short- and long-term effects on the child. There is an International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes.

Dietitians supporting breastfeeding: a survey of education, skills, knowledge and attitudes.

Background: Breastfeeding rates in Ireland are among the lowest in the world; thus, it is important to understand what knowledge and skills exist and what are the education needs of dietitians. There has been no Irish research on dietitians' perception of their role in promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding.

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the breastfeeding-related education that dietitians participated in, their breastfeeding-related skills, knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding.

Backcasting to identify food waste prevention and mitigation opportunities for infant feeding in maternity services.

Food waste in hospitals is of major concern for two reasons: one, healthcare needs to move toward preventative and demand led models for sustainability and two, food system sustainability needs to seek preventative measures such as diet adaptation and waste prevention. The impact of breast-milk substitute use on health services are well established in literature in terms of healthcare implications, cost and resourcing, however as a food demand and waste management issue little has been published to date. This paper presents the use of a desk based backcasting method to analyse food waste prevention, mitigation and management options within the Irish Maternity Service.

The Potential Impact of Reliance on Expressed Milk Feeding for Maternal and Child Health.

Human milk has nourished human babies for thousands of years and its importance is widely recognised.[..

Methods of milk expression for lactating women.

Background: Breastfeeding is important, however not all infants can feed at the breast and methods of expressing milk need evaluation.

Objectives: To assess acceptability, effectiveness, safety, effect on milk composition, contamination and costs of methods of milk expression.

Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (21 March 2016), handsearched relevant journals and conference proceedings, and contacted experts in the field to seek additional published or unpublished studies.

Reliance on Pumped Mother's Milk Has an Environmental Impact.

Breastfeeding is an environmentally friendly process; however when feeding relies on pumped mother's milk, the environmental picture changes. Waste plastics and heavy metals raise concerns regarding resource efficiency, waste treatment, and detrimental effects on health. Reliance on pumped milk rather than breastfeeding may also effect obesity and family size, which in turn have further environmental impacts.

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants.

Background: Health organisations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for six months. However, the addition of other fluids or foods before six months is common in many countries. Recently, research has suggested that introducing solid food at around four months of age while the baby continues to breastfeed is more protective against developing food allergies compared to exclusive breastfeeding for six months.

Methods of milk expression for lactating women.

Background: This is an update of a 2008 Cochrane review. Breastfeeding is important. However, not all infants can feed at the breast and methods of expressing milk need evaluation.

Risk factors for mortality from acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children under five years of age in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for death from acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children in low- and middle-income countries.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Selection: Observational studies reporting on risk factors for death from ALRI in children below five years in low- and middle income countries.

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants.

Background: Widespread recommendations from health organisations encourage exclusive breastfeeding for six months. However, the addition of other fluids or foods before six months is common in many countries and communities. This practice suggests perceived benefits of early supplementation or lack of awareness of the possible risks.

Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants.

Background: Widespread recommendations from health organisations encourage exclusive breastfeeding for six months. However the addition of other fluids or foods before six months is common practice in many countries and communities. This practice suggests perceived benefits of early supplementation or lack of awareness of the possible risks.

Methods of milk expression for lactating women.

Background: This is an update of a 2008 Cochrane review. Breastfeeding is important. However, not all infants can feed at the breast and methods of expressing milk need evaluation.

Do we agree? Using a Delphi technique to develop consensus on skills of hand expression.

The Delphi technique provides a structured process for collecting and examining group agreement on a topic. It facilitates anonymity and thus reduces the risk of stronger members dominating the group discussion, and it allows geographical spread of the participants as well as low cost and timely return. This article describes the use of Delphi to examine agreement and lack of agreement among an expert panel on what skills a mother needs to learn for hand expression.

Methods of milk expression for lactating women.

Background: Breastfeeding is important for health. However, not all infants can feed at the breast and effective methods of expressing milk have not been adequately evaluated.

Objectives: To assess acceptability, effectiveness, safety, effect on milk composition, bacterial contamination of milk and cost implications of a range of methods of milk expression, including hand expression and manual, battery and electric pumps.