State Variation in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States, 1995-2015.

The extent to which the increase in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in the United States varies geographically is unknown. We analyzed changes in CRC incidence and risk factors among people aged 20-49 years by state using high-quality population-based cancer registry data provided by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and national survey data, respectively. Early-onset CRC incidence was mostly stable among blacks and Hispanics but increased in 40 of 47 states among non-Hispanic whites, most prominently in western states.

Cancer incidence profile in sub-Saharan African-born blacks in the United States: Similarities and differences with US-born non-Hispanic blacks.

Background: Sub-Saharan African-born blacks (ABs) are one of the fastest-growing populations in the United States. However, to the authors' knowledge, data regarding the cancer burden in this group are lacking, which would inform targeted cancer prevention and control.

Methods: The authors calculated age-standardized proportional incidence ratios (PIRs) comparing the frequency of the top 15 cancers in ABs with that of US-born non-Hispanic blacks (USBs) by sex and region of birth using incidence data for 2000 through 2012 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 17) program.

On-farm starling populations and other environmental and management factors associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli among dairy cattle in Ohio.

Wild birds that forage around livestock facilities have been implicated as vectors of antimicrobial resistant organisms. Although antimicrobial resistant bacteria have been isolated from European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), their role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant elements in livestock facilities needs further investigation. To determine whether on-farm starling density and other factors were associated with the presence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistant E.

Dairy cattle management factors that influence on-farm density of European starlings in Ohio, 2007-2009.

Potential dairy farm management and environmental factors that attract European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to dairy farms were explored. During the period from 2007 to 2009, 150 dairy farms were each visited twice (once during the summer and again in the fall) and the number of starlings was recorded. Risk factors were assessed for possible association with the number of starlings per milking cow (starling density), using a zero-inflated negative binomial model.

Risk factors associated with the colonization of Ontario layer chicken flocks with Brachyspira species.

Brachyspira species are frequent colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract in a variety of domestic animals, including birds. In chickens, Brachyspira species are associated with a clinical condition known as avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS), a disease characterized by chronic diarrhoea, weight loss, low egg production, and faecal-stained eggs. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the presence of Brachyspira species in Ontario layer chicken flocks.