Application of a fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC model for direct and indirect potable water reuse monitoring: Multi-stage ozone-biofiltration without reverse osmosis at Gwinnett County, Georgia, USA.

Periods of drought coupled with increasing population growth have prompted increased interest in potable water reuse in Gwinnett County, Georgia, USA. However, such inland water recycling facilities are challenged with treatment approaches where reverse osmosis (RO) membrane concentrate disposal is a barrier to implementation of potable reuse. To evaluate alternative treatment processes, testing of two side-by-side pilot systems using multi-stage ozone and biological filtration without RO was conducted to compare indirect potable reuse (IPR) to direct potable reuse (DPR).

Development of a fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC model for potable water reuse monitoring: Implications for inter-component protein-fulvic-humic interactions.

Measuring the surrogate parameters total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon (TOC/DOC) is not adequate, alone, to reveal nuances in organic character for optimizing treatment in potable water reuse. Alternatively, analyzing each organic compound contributing to the surrogate measurement is not possible. As an additional analytical tool applied between these extremes, the use of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy with PARAllel FACtor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis was investigated in this research to track categories (components) or families of organic compounds during treatment in recycled water schemes.

Fluorescence and Quenching Assessment (EEM-PARAFAC) of de Facto Potable Reuse in the Neuse River, North Carolina, United States.

The Neuse River, North Carolina, U.S., exemplifies a typical de facto potable reuse scenario, where drinking water sources are located downstream of treated wastewater effluent discharges.